{"id":982,"date":"2026-10-30T21:27:33","date_gmt":"2026-10-30T21:27:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/certav.org\/?p=982"},"modified":"2026-10-30T21:31:23","modified_gmt":"2026-10-30T21:31:23","slug":"cerkes-soylularinin-gizli-dili-sakobze","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/certav.org\/?p=982","title":{"rendered":"\u00c7erkes Soylular\u0131n\u0131n Gizli Dili: \u015eakobze"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

\u0130NAL TAMZOUK<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eakobze (Avc\u0131 dili), 18. ve 19.  y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00c7erkesya\u2019da yaln\u0131zca prens ve soylu s\u0131n\u0131f taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan, standart \u00c7erkes\u00e7e ile benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131mad\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen gizli bir dildi. Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkes\u00e7esi\u2019nde \u0428\u044d\u043aI\u0443\u0430\u0431\u0437\u044d veya \u0428\u0430\u043aI\u043e\u0431\u0437\u044d, Do\u011fu \u00c7erkes\u00e7esi olan Kabardeyce\u2019de \u0429\u0430\u043aI\u0443\u044d\u0431\u0437\u044d olarak yaz\u0131lmakta olup, \u015fako (avc\u0131) + bze (dil) kelimelerinden olu\u015fmaktad\u0131r. Halk\u0131n bu dili konu\u015fmas\u0131 yasakt\u0131 ve aristokrat s\u0131n\u0131f bu jargonu feodal hiyerar\u015fiyi korumak, askeri planlar\u0131 gizlemek ve soyluluk ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 peki\u015ftirmek amac\u0131yla kullan\u0131yordu. Bu d\u00f6nemdeki \u00f6nemli Avrupal\u0131 seyyahlar\u0131n \u00e7o\u011fu bu dilin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z etmi\u015ftir. En kayda de\u011fer olarak Jacob Reineggs (1784-1793), Peter Pallas (1793-1794), Jan Potocki (1797-1798), Julius Klaproth (1807-1808), Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Dubois de Montp\u00e9reux (1833-1834) ve James Stanislaus Bell (1837-1840). Reineggs ve Pallas bu dili saray dili olarak da kaydetmi\u015ftir. \u00c7erkes soylular\u0131 i\u00e7in sava\u015f, avc\u0131l\u0131k ve tatbikatlar \u00f6nemli u\u011fra\u015flardand\u0131 ve seferlerde planlar\u0131n gizli tutulmas\u0131 esast\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Polonyal\u0131 seyyah Jan Potocki, bu dilin “Choupchouoa”  ad\u0131 verilen sava\u015f\u00e7\u0131 kamp\u0131 rit\u00fcelinde kullan\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu rit\u00fcelde Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcnlerinde her bir prens, kendisine ba\u011fl\u0131 sad\u0131k soylularla birlikte y\u00fczlerine pe\u00e7e maske takarak ormanlara veya da\u011flara \u00e7ekilip a\u011fa\u00e7 dallar\u0131ndan kurduklar\u0131 bar\u0131naklarda askeri kamp yaparlard\u0131. Kamp s\u00fcresi alt\u0131 hafta s\u00fcrer ve bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te \u015fakobze d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda ileti\u015fim kurmak yasakt\u0131. Prensin ailesinden bile kimsenin kat\u0131lamad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bu kamplara ba\u015fka uluslardan gizli m\u00fcttefikler de maskeyle gelir ve maskeler sayesinde grupta kan daval\u0131lar varsa birbirini tan\u0131malar\u0131 \u00f6nlenirdi. Gruptaki ki\u015filerin kimli\u011fini yaln\u0131zca prens bilirdi ve kamp boyunca maskeli gruplar halinde hedeflere bask\u0131nlar d\u00fczenlenirdi. D\u00fc\u015fman b\u00f6lgesi de bu gelene\u011fin fark\u0131nda oldu\u011fundan sald\u0131r\u0131lara kar\u015f\u0131 uyan\u0131k olurdu ve bu sebeple \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar daha \u015fiddetli ge\u00e7erdi. Prensler kimliklerini saklad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in sald\u0131r\u0131 an\u0131nda ba\u011f\u0131\u015flanmay\u0131p \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclebilirdi. “Choupchouoa” kelimesinin B. H. Bgajnokov ve S. H. Hotko taraf\u0131ndan s\u00fcvari konaklama yeri anlam\u0131na gelen \u015eup\u015f\u0131\u2019e (\u0428\u0443\u043f\u0449\u044bI\u044d) kelimesi oldu\u011fu tespit edilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n

\n
\"\"<\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n

Jan Potocki baz\u0131 kelimeleri \u00f6\u011frendi\u011fini, Georgiyevsk \u015fehrinde dili bilen birinin g\u00f6sterildi\u011fini ve s\u00f6zl\u00fck haz\u0131rlamay\u0131 planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydetse de bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 ya yapmam\u0131\u015f ya da yay\u0131nlamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Potocki bu dil hakk\u0131ndaki verileri Rus ordusundan Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Wilkowski’den edinmi\u015fti. Seyyah Jacob Reineggs ise bu gizli jargona ait 18 kelimeyi Almanca yaz\u0131m kurallar\u0131yla kaydetmi\u015ftir ve dilin bilenen tek \u00f6rnekleri bunlard\u0131r:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

G\u00f6z – paphle,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kulak – baet\u00e3\u00f5,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

at – kaepe,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

inek – ptschakokaff,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ke\u00e7i – tkemeschae,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ate\u015f – naeghune,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kad\u0131n – uppe,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

para – paschae,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ya\u011fmurluk – schuwghae,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00e7almak – tewrettgllo,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

kafa – brugg,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

t\u00fcfek – w\u0169p,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

deve – ptschakoaentsche,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

koyun – fogabbe,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

su – scheghs,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00e7ocuk – aclewsae,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

ekmek – naekuschae,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

k\u00fcrk – schufae.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Julius Klaproth dilin var oldu\u011funu ancak konu\u015fan kimse bulamad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun ya \u015fanss\u0131zl\u0131ktan ya da bilenlerin gizlili\u011fi korumak amac\u0131yla dili anlamad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6ylemelerinden kaynakland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtmi\u015ftir. Klaproth, dilin orijinal \u00c7erkes\u00e7e veya ba\u015fka dillerle benzerli\u011fi olmayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z ve yapay bir dil oldu\u011funu ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve genel edebi yap\u0131dan ziyade sava\u015f zaman\u0131nda ihtiya\u00e7 duyulan kelimeleri ve kal\u0131plar\u0131 i\u00e7erdi\u011fini kaydetmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Reineggs, dili “Sikowschir” olarak kaydetmi\u015f, Klaproth ise do\u011frusunun \u015eakobze oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir. Baz\u0131 \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar “Sikowschir” kelimesinin sefer dili anlam\u0131na gelen Zekobze oldu\u011fu hipotezini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Montpereux, soylular\u0131n halktan de\u011fil d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelmi\u015f olabilece\u011fini bu dili \u00f6ne s\u00fcrerek savunmu\u015fsa da bu iddia modern ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan reddedilmi\u015ftir. D\u00fc\u015fman b\u00f6lgesine girilmeden \u00f6nce planlar gizli tutulur, gece karanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ilerleyen ak\u0131nc\u0131 gruplar\u0131nda \u015eakobze kullan\u0131l\u0131rd\u0131. Blaramberg, ileti\u015fim kanal\u0131 bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in askeri parola ve kodlamalar\u0131n bu \u015fifreli diller arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00c7erkeslerde \u00e7e\u015fitli ama\u00e7larla kullan\u0131lan ba\u015fka jargonlar kaydedilmi\u015f olsa da hi\u00e7biri \u015eakobze gibi ayr\u0131 bir dil de\u011fildir. \u00c7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u015eakobze standart \u00c7erkes\u00e7eyle fonetik veya k\u00f6k bak\u0131m\u0131ndan benzerlik ta\u015f\u0131mayan ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z kelimelerden olu\u015fuyordu. Dilbilimci John Colarusso’nun bir muhbiri, \u015eakobze’nin \u00c7erkes\u00e7e’ye dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, karma\u015f\u0131k bi\u00e7imde kelimelerin yerini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek ve ses birimlerini de\u011fi\u015ftirerek \u015fifrelendi\u011fini \u00f6ne s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1830\u2019lu y\u0131llarda Bat\u0131 \u00c7erkesya’y\u0131 ziyaret eden James Bell de bu dilin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, ad\u0131n\u0131 belirtmeden kaydetmi\u015ftir. Anlat\u0131m\u0131na g\u00f6re o d\u00f6nemde Kuban \u00e7evresindeki b\u00f6lgelerin oval\u0131k olmas\u0131 ve Rus sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131c\u0131 etkisi sebebiyle baz\u0131 zamanlarda sald\u0131rmazl\u0131k antla\u015fmalar\u0131 yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu b\u00f6lgelerin soylular\u0131 tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k stat\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc bozmamak, Rus misillemesinden korunmak ve de\u015fifre olmamak i\u00e7in Rusya’ya d\u00fczenledikleri seferlerde “s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n\u0131n kadim bir ayr\u0131cal\u0131\u011f\u0131” olarak y\u00fczlerini maskeler ve casuslar\u0131n s\u0131zmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in gizli bir jargon kullan\u0131rd\u0131. Buna \u00f6rnek olarak suikastle \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclen \u00c7emguy prensi Cambolet Bolet\u0131ko’nun Rus General Zass taraf\u0131ndan bu seferleri yapmakla su\u00e7land\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 vermi\u015ftir. D\u00f6nemin bir ba\u015fka \u0130ngiliz seyyah\u0131 John Longworth, Bjedu\u011f prensi P\u015f\u0131kuy Ahecagoko’nun Rus taraf\u0131nca tan\u0131nmamak i\u00e7in maske takarak \u015eaps\u0131\u011flar\u0131n seferlerine bizzat kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 aktarm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Longworth, maskeyle sefere \u00e7\u0131kman\u0131n \u00c7erkes prenslerinin ge\u00e7mi\u015fteki baz\u0131 d\u00f6nemsel Saturnalia geleneklerine benzedi\u011fini ve bunun onlar\u0131n eski bir adeti oldu\u011funu belirtmi\u015ftir, ancak \u015eakobze’den bahsetmemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u015eakobze pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcrde de yer bulmu\u015ftur. Frank Herbert\u2019in Dune roman\u0131nda ve uyarlamas\u0131 olan filmlerde bir halk\u0131n konu\u015ftu\u011fu Chakobsa dili, \u015eakobze\u2019den esinlenilmi\u015ftir. Ancak bu kurgusal dil linguistik olarak Roman, S\u0131rp-H\u0131rvat ve Arap\u00e7a dillerine dayan\u0131r. Bunun sebebi, yazar\u0131n orijinal \u015eakobze kelimelerine ula\u015famamas\u0131 olarak a\u00e7\u0131klanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Kaynak\u00e7a_____:   <\/u><\/strong>  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Hotko, S. H. (2008). \u0426\u0438\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041a\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0440\u0434\u044b [Kabardey Uygarl\u0131\u011f\u0131] (s. 150\u2013151, 285\u2013288, 475\u2013476). Sankt-Peterburg \u00dcniversitesi Yay\u0131nevi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– \u015eeucen, A. H. (2022). \u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0438: \u0422\u043e\u043c II. \u0412 2-\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0428\u044d\u043aI\u0443\u0430\u0431\u0437\u0435: \u00ab\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u00bb \u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0444\u0435\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 [Adigeler: Cilt 2. \u00c7erkes Feodallerinin “Gizli Dili”] (Cilt 2, s. 563\u2013564). Poligraf-YUG.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gardanov, V. K. (Ed.). (1974). \u0410\u0434\u044b\u0433\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0435\u0432\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 XIII\u2014XIX \u0432\u0432. [XIII\u2014XIX Y\u00fczy\u0131l Avrupal\u0131 Yazarlar\u0131n Eserlerinde Adigeler, Balkarlar ve Kara\u00e7aylar] (s. 226, 269\u2013270, 374\u2013375, 452, 521). Kabardino-Balkar Bilimsel Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc. Nal\u00e7ik: Elbrus Yay\u0131nevi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Reineggs, J. (1796). Allgemeine historisch-topographische Beschreibung des Kaukasus [Kafkasya’n\u0131n Genel Tarihsel ve Topografik Betimlemesi] (Erster Theil, s. 245\u2013248; Ed. F. E. Schr\u00f6der). Gerstenberg und Dittmar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Potocki, J. (1829). Voyage dans les steps d’Astrakhan et du Caucase. Histoire primitive des peuples qui ont habit\u00e9 ant\u00e9rieurement ces contr\u00e9es. Nouveau p\u00e9riple du Pont-Euxin [Astrahan ve Kafkasya Bozk\u0131rlar\u0131nda Seyahat. Bu B\u00f6lgelerde Daha \u00d6nce Ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Halklar\u0131n \u0130lkel Tarihi. Karadeniz’in Yeni Seyir Defteri] (Cilt 1, s. 168\u2013169; Ed. M. Klaproth). Merlin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Blaramberg, \u0130. (2010). \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430 [Kafkasya’n\u0131n Tarihsel, Topografik, \u0130statistiksel, Etnografik ve Askeri Betimlemesi] (\u00e7ev. \u0130. M. Nazarova, s. 146). Nadyr\u015fin Yay\u0131nlar\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Klaproth, J. von (1814). Travels in the Caucasus and Georgia, Performed in the Years 1807 and 1808, by Command of the Russian Government  [Rus H\u00fck\u00fcmetinin Emriyle 1807 ve 1808 Y\u0131llar\u0131nda Kafkasya ve G\u00fcrcistan’a Ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen Seyahat] (s. 35, 310, 328). Henry Colburn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Dubois de Montp\u00e9reux, F. (1839). Voyage autour du Caucase, chez les Tscherkesses et les Abkhases, en Colchide, en G\u00e9orgie, en Arm\u00e9nie et en Crim\u00e9e [Kafkasya \u00c7evresinde, \u00c7erkesler ve Abhazlar Aras\u0131nda, Kolhis, G\u00fcrcistan, Ermenistan ve K\u0131r\u0131m’da Seyahat] (Cilt 1, s. 141\u2013142). Librairie de G. A. Dentu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Pallas, P. S. (1799). Bemerkungen auf einer Reise in die s\u00fcdlichen Statthalterschaften des Russischen Reichs in den Jahren 1793 und 1794 [1793 ve 1794 Y\u0131llar\u0131nda Rus \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun G\u00fcney Genel Valiliklerine Yap\u0131lan Bir Seyahatte Edilen G\u00f6zlemler] (Erster Band, s. 390). Gottfried Martini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Bell, J. S. (1840). Journal of a Residence in Circassia during the Years 1837, 1838 and 1839 [1837, 1838 ve 1839 Y\u0131llar\u0131nda \u00c7erkesya’da Bir \u0130kamet G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc] (Cilt 1, s. 357, 420\u2013422; Cilt 2, s. 141). Edward Moxon.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Longworth, J. A. (1840). A Year Among the Circassians [\u00c7erkesler Aras\u0131nda Bir Y\u0131l] (s. 134). H. Colburn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Gladiopress. (2024, 17 Nisan). Frank Herbert: The Dune Behind Dune. Gladiopress. https:\/\/www.gladiofreeeurope.com\/episodes\/frank-herbert-the-dune-behind-dune<\/p>\n\n\n\n

– Colarusso, J. (1988). The Northwest Caucasian Languages: A Phonological Survey [Kuzeybat\u0131 Kafkas Dilleri: Ses Bilimsel Bir \u0130nceleme] (s. 11). Routledge.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

<\/p>\nHits : 118<\/span>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0130NAL TAMZOUK \u015eakobze (Avc\u0131 dili), 18. ve 19.  y\u00fczy\u0131llarda \u00c7erkesya\u2019da yaln\u0131zca prens ve soylu s\u0131n\u0131f taraf\u0131ndan kullan\u0131lan, standart \u00c7erkes\u00e7e ile…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":984,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-982","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arstrma"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/982","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=982"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/982\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":988,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/982\/revisions\/988"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/984"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=982"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=982"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=982"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}