Mo\u011fol istilas\u0131 \u00f6ncesinde \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da yay\u0131lmas\u0131 Derbent \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015fiyordu. Ancak 14. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ilk yar\u0131s\u0131ndan itibaren, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n da\u011f eteklerindeki d\u00fczl\u00fcklerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn Cuci Ulusu\u2019na kat\u0131lmas\u0131yla bu i\u015flev Alt\u0131n Orda\u2019ya ge\u00e7ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Baz\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, Ad\u0131gelerin \u0130slamla\u015fma s\u00fcrecinin daha 14. y\u00fczy\u0131lda, Han \u00d6zbek\u2019in (1312-1342) h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n Alt\u0131n Orda\u2019n\u0131n devlet dini h\u00e2line gelmesiyle ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
A. P. Novoseltsev, Orta \u00c7a\u011f\u2019da Kafkasya\u2019da Hristiyanl\u0131k, \u0130slam ve Yahudili\u011fin yay\u0131lma tarihini k\u0131saca ele ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde bu konuyla ilgili \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cAlt\u0131n Orda hanlar\u0131n\u0131n, ard\u0131ndan da onlar\u0131n miras\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131 olan K\u0131r\u0131m Giraylar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7abalar\u0131yla \u0130slam, Orta Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n d\u00fczl\u00fck ve da\u011f eteklerindeki b\u00f6lgelerinde konumunu g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Bununla birlikte Ad\u0131geler, \u00c7e\u00e7enler, \u0130ngu\u015flar, Balkarlar, Kara\u00e7ayl\u0131lar ve Osetlerin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn kitlesel olarak \u0130slamla\u015fmas\u0131 ancak 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bu d\u00f6nemde \u0130slam\u2019\u0131 kabul etmek, da\u011f halklar\u0131n\u0131n otokrasiye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelesinin bir bi\u00e7imi h\u00e2line gelmi\u015fti. Bu ko\u015fullarda, 16. ve 17. y\u00fczy\u0131llarda da\u011f halklar\u0131n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclen K\u0131r\u0131m ve Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nun dini \u0130slam, zamanla \u00c7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n yay\u0131lmac\u0131 politikas\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadelenin ideolojik bayra\u011f\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ad\u0131geler aras\u0131nda \u0130slam\u2019\u0131n yay\u0131lmas\u0131, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n son \u00e7eyre\u011finde Kefe\u2019yi ve Kuzey Karadeniz k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131ndaki di\u011fer Ceneviz kentlerini ele ge\u00e7irmesinden sonra ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmeyle birlikte Hristiyan misyonerler b\u00f6lgedeki din\u00ee propaganda faaliyetlerini durdurdu; onlar\u0131n yerini M\u00fcsl\u00fcman din tebli\u011fcileri ald\u0131. K\u0131r\u0131m Hanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6neticileri de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te etkin rol oynad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
16. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Kabardey aristokrasisi art\u0131k \u0130slam dinini benimsemi\u015fti. Rus belgelerinde belirtildi\u011fine g\u00f6re, Kabardey prensleri 1588 y\u0131l\u0131nda Moskova devletine ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k yemini ederken M\u00fcsl\u00fcman hukukuna g\u00f6re yemin etmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Taman Yar\u0131madas\u0131\u2019nda da 16. ile 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llar aras\u0131na tarihlenen, Nogay Ordas\u0131\u2019na ba\u011fl\u0131 yerel halka ait ge\u00e7 d\u00f6nem M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mezarlar\u0131 tespit edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Digorya, Balkarya ve Kara\u00e7ay\u2019da ise \u0130slam, 17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda Kabardeyler arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. \u00d6rne\u011fin Balkarya\u2019daki bilinen en eski M\u00fcsl\u00fcman an\u0131t\u0131 1734 y\u0131l\u0131na tarihleniyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bununla birlikte, 15. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan itibaren Ad\u0131geleri \u0130slam\u2019a y\u00f6neltmeye y\u00f6nelik sistemli bir s\u00fcre\u00e7 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcl\u00fcrken \u00c7erkes topraklar\u0131ndaki manevi ve din\u00ee ya\u015fam, \u00e7oktanr\u0131l\u0131 inan\u00e7larla tek tanr\u0131l\u0131 dinlerin unsurlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7 i\u00e7e ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bir din\u00ee senkretizm \u00f6zelli\u011fi ta\u015f\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bir sonraki y\u00fczy\u0131lda \u0130talyan yazar G. Lucca, Ad\u0131gelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn M\u00fcsl\u00fcman oldu\u011funu, geri kalanlar\u0131n ise Ortodoks Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 benimsedi\u011fini yaz\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda Jan Struys, Kabardeylerin kendilerini M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olarak tan\u0131mlad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, ancak din\u00ee inan\u00e7lar\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ekte senkretik bir nitelik ta\u015f\u0131d\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
17. y\u00fczy\u0131lda ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f Osmanl\u0131 yazar\u0131 Evliya \u00c7elebi de Kafkasya seyahatinden k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce, K\u0131r\u0131m Han\u0131 Mehmed Giray\u2019\u0131n h\u00fck\u00fcmdarl\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda ve onun \u00e7abalar\u0131 sayesinde Kabardeylerin \u201c\u0130slam\u2019la \u015fereflendiklerini\u201d aktar\u0131yordu. \u00c7elebi, Kabardey\u2019de kad\u0131lar\u0131n ve imamlar\u0131n g\u00f6reve ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 da bildiriyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Buna ra\u011fmen Evliya \u00c7elebi, yeni dinin Kabardey\u2019de ne \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde yerle\u015fti\u011finden tam olarak emin de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
18. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ba\u015flar\u0131nda \u00c7erkesya\u2019daki din\u00ee durum hakk\u0131nda, Bat\u0131 Kafkasya\u2019y\u0131 ziyaret eden Frans\u0131z soylusu A. de la Motraye\u2019nin aktard\u0131klar\u0131 fikir veriyor. De la Motraye, b\u00f6lgedeki din\u00ee \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fi \u015fu s\u00f6zlerle anlat\u0131yordu:<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u201cMoskovitlere daha yak\u0131n ya\u015fayanlar Yunan dinine [Ortodoks Hristiyanl\u0131\u011fa] ba\u011fl\u0131d\u0131r; Tatarlara ve Perslere kom\u015fu olanlar Muhammed\u2019in dinindendir [M\u00fcsl\u00fcmand\u0131r]; \u00fclkenin ortas\u0131nda ya\u015fayanlar ise putperesttir. Daha do\u011frusu, hepsi bu durumdad\u0131r; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ilk gruptakiler, kendi putperest t\u00f6renlerine yaln\u0131zca Moskoflar\u0131n veya M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n inanc\u0131ndan baz\u0131 unsurlar katmaktad\u0131r. \u00dcstelik \u00f6d\u00fcn\u00e7 al\u0131nm\u0131\u015f t\u00f6renler \u00e7ok azd\u0131r ve ger\u00e7ek bir inanc\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 neredeyse yok denecek kadar s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131d\u0131r.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu anlat\u0131m, d\u00f6nemin g\u00f6zlemcilerinin \u00c7erkes toplumundaki din\u00ee uygulamalar\u0131 nas\u0131l alg\u0131lad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Ancak s\u00f6z konusu de\u011ferlendirmelerin d\u0131\u015far\u0131dan gelen seyyahlar\u0131n g\u00f6zlemlerine dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve d\u00f6nemin din\u00ee \u00e7e\u015fitlili\u011fini kendi bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131yla yorumlad\u0131klar\u0131 da dikkate al\u0131nmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u0130slam geleneklerinin giderek artan etkisi, 15. ve 16. y\u00fczy\u0131llara ait baz\u0131 eski Kabardey mezarlar\u0131nda da izlenebiliyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
17. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda Kabardey\u2019de ta\u015f t\u00fcrbelerin, \u201c\u00e7itlerle \u00e7evrili mezar alanlar\u0131n\u0131n\u201d (\u00e7e\u015f\u015fane) ve dikili ta\u015f bi\u00e7imindeki mezar an\u0131tlar\u0131n\u0131n (s\u0131n\u0131j) bulundu\u011fu M\u00fcsl\u00fcman mezarl\u0131klar\u0131 olu\u015fturulmaya ba\u015fland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Arap\u00e7a mezar kitabelerini inceleyen L. \u0130. Lavrov\u2019un verilerine g\u00f6re, Kabardey topraklar\u0131nda t\u00fcrbe in\u015fas\u0131 17. ve 18. y\u00fczy\u0131llara tarihlenebilir. Bu d\u00f6nemde kurgan bi\u00e7imindeki eski g\u00f6m\u00fc gelene\u011fi de giderek ortadan kalkmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Temelinde eski yerel inan\u00e7lar\u0131n bulundu\u011fu \u201cEski Kabardey k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fc\u201d, zaman i\u00e7inde belirgin \u0130slami \u00f6zellikler ta\u015f\u0131yan modern Kabardey k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne do\u011fru evrildi. 18. y\u00fczy\u0131l, Eski Kabardey k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcn bu d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm s\u00fcrecinin son a\u015famas\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
—<\/p>\n\n\n\n