Osmanl\u0131 Devletini ayakta tutan de\u011ferler, Orta\u00e7a\u011fla birlikte yok olup gitmi\u015fti. Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin ne ekonomik, ne sosyal ne de siyasi yap\u0131s\u0131, Sanayi Devrimi ve Frans\u0131z Devriminin ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 yeni \u00e7a\u011fa uygundu. S\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin bask\u0131s\u0131, Osmanl\u0131 yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7at\u0131rdatmaya yetti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131ndan sonra da Osmanl\u0131lar \u00e7\u00f6kt\u00fc. Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131 bu \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fc belgeliyordu. Osmanl\u0131 \u00fclkesinde art\u0131k hi\u00e7bir \u015fey eskisi gibi de\u011fildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Kirmasti de bu s\u00fcre\u00e7ten do\u011frudan etkilendi. Kirmasti, konumu gere\u011fi, \u00e7eli\u015fkilerin, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 haline geldi, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Kirmasti, \u0130stanbul\u2019a ve \u0130stanbul\u2019un Anadolu\u2019ya a\u00e7\u0131lan kap\u0131lardan biri olan Band\u0131rma\u2019ya yak\u0131nd\u0131. Bu nedenle, Osmanl\u0131 Devletindeki her t\u00fcrl\u00fc de\u011fi\u015fimden etkileniyordu. Mondros ko\u015fullar\u0131ndan da h\u0131zla etkilenmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemde Bursa-Bal\u0131kesir karayolu ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131, Uluabat ve Kirmasti k\u00f6pr\u00fclerinden ge\u00e7iyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
1918 de B\u00f6lgede Siyasi Durum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Osmanl\u0131 otoritesi, \u0130tilaf Devletlerinin denetimine girince, Anadolu\u2019nun y\u00f6netsel yap\u0131s\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Padi\u015faha ba\u011fl\u0131 olmakla birlikte valiler ve belediyeler, merkezi otoritenin zay\u0131fl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan yararlanarak, \u00f6zellikle ba\u015flayan i\u015fgal kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, \u00f6zerk davran\u0131\u015flar g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.B\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde halk\u0131n deste\u011fini almalar\u0131, me\u015fruluklar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerini sa\u011fl\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca, i\u015fgal kuvvetlerinin varl\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve yerel y\u00f6neticilerin \u201cMondros\u201dtan kaynaklanan sorumluluklar\u0131, i\u015fgal alt\u0131ndaki \u015fehir ve il\u00e7elerde padi\u015fah\u0131n me\u015frulu\u011funu ortadan kald\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Herkesin gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik bir tercih yapmas\u0131 gereken bir zamanda, \u00f6zerk bir konuma gelen idari kadro i\u00e7inde, farkl\u0131 tutumlar ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Y\u00f6neticilerin bir k\u0131sma i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 direni\u015fin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesine \u00f6nc\u00fcl\u00fck etti, destekledi veya g\u00f6z yumdu. Baza y\u00f6netici de padi\u015faha ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fcler ve ulusal m\u00fccadeleden uzak durdular. Hatta bir k\u0131sm\u0131, zaman zaman ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7lere kar\u015f\u0131 isyanlar\u0131 destekledi ya da i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 sessiz kalmay\u0131 ye\u011fledi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Mondros ko\u015fullar\u0131 gere\u011fi da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lan ordu birliklerinden arta kalanlar (\u00f6rne\u011fin Kaz\u0131m \u00f6zalp komutas\u0131ndaki g\u00fc\u00e7ler) ya padi\u015faha ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmek pahas\u0131na var olu\u015flar\u0131na son vermek ya da Kuvayi Milliye hareketi i\u00e7inde yer almakla kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131yayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Osmanl\u0131 otoritesi b\u00f6lgede zaten uzun s\u00fcre etkin de\u011fildi. Bu nedenle efeler gibi bir \u00e7ok yerel otorite ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Hatta efelik giderek yerle\u015fik bir k\u00fclt\u00fcr haline gelmi\u015fti. Mondros ko\u015fullar\u0131nda, efelik d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda da \u00e7eteler kurulmu\u015ftu. M\u00fctareke d\u00f6nemindeki otorite bo\u015flu\u011funda \u00e7ete, \u015faki, e\u015fk\u0131ya ad\u0131yla bir \u00e7ok k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck topluluk, yasa d\u0131\u015f\u0131 bir ya\u015fam benimsemi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1918 sonbahar\u0131nda, s\u00f6z konusu yerel g\u00fcler karar vermek zorunda kald\u0131lar. Ya silah zoruyla mallar\u0131n\u0131 alarak ya\u015famlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fckleri zengin k\u00f6yl\u00fc, e\u015fraf ve tacirle birlikte b\u00f6lgeyi savunacaklar, ya da i\u015fgali kabullenecekler ve i\u015fgal ko\u015fullar\u0131nda kendilerine bir ya\u015fam olana\u011f\u0131 \u00fcreteceklerdi. Efelerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu i\u015fgale kar\u015f\u0131 durdular. Ancak, \u00f6zellikle g\u00fcney Marmara\u2019da, Mondros ko\u015fullar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f \u00e7eteler, ulusal m\u00fccadele taraftar\u0131 olmay\u0131 kendi \u00e7\u0131karlar\u0131na uygun bulmad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfusu da olduk\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kt\u0131. Kirmasti de dahil b\u00f6lgede, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Rumlar, Yahudiler ve g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmeden \u00f6nce Ermeniler ya\u015f\u0131yordu. Ayr\u0131ca Osmanl\u0131 g\u00f6\u00e7men politikas\u0131 gere\u011fi, Balkanlar ve Kafkasya\u2019dan g\u00f6\u00e7 etmi\u015f pek \u00e7ok insan bu b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Dolay\u0131s\u0131yla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar da t\u00fcrde\u015f de\u011fildi. Arnavutlar, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, \u00e7erkesler, Bo\u015fnaklar, Pomaklar, Abhazalar, Lazlar b\u00f6lgeye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015fti. Mondros sonras\u0131 kurulmu\u015f \u00e7eteler daha \u00e7ok etnik k\u00f6kenle bir araya gelmi\u015fti. [1] Bu \u00e7eteler hem birbirleriyle, hem halkla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7indeydi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgenin \u0130stanbul\u2019a yak\u0131n oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in propagandaya a\u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Anzavur ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u015eah \u0130smail, G\u00e2vur \u0130mam gibi \u00f6rg\u00fct liderleri, halifeli\u011fin otoritesini temel adan bir siyasa olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flad\u0131lar. \u0130ngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti bu \u00f6rg\u00fctleri destekledi ve para yard\u0131m\u0131 yapt\u0131. [2] Band\u0131rma-Karacabey yolu \u00fczerinden b\u00f6lgeye yap\u0131lan para yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 56.T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131, Bekir Sami Bey tespit etmi\u015ftir. \u0130ngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti\u2019nin s\u00f6z konusu propagandaya ve \u00f6rg\u00fctlere parasal yard\u0131m\u0131, \u00e7anakkale\u2019deki Kuvay\u0131 Milliyenin \u00f6nc\u00fclerinden \u015eevket Beyin \u0131srarl\u0131 takibiyle elde edilmi\u015f ve Mustafa Kemal\u2019e iletilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Gerek otorite bo\u015flu\u011fundan do\u011fan huzursuzluklar, gerek propagandalar halk\u0131n kafas\u0131n\u0131 kar\u0131\u015ft\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. G\u00fcney Marmara\u2019da ya\u015fayanlar t\u00fcrde\u015f olmad\u0131klar\u0131ndan ve kendi geleceklerini belirlemeye y\u00f6nelik deneyimleri bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, kaos ka\u00e7\u0131n\u0131lmazd\u0131. Kaos ortamlar\u0131 isyan ve \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma \u00fcretmek isteyenler i\u00e7in iyi bir olanakt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019nin bu d\u00f6nemdeki Belediye Reisi Benli Ahmet\u2019tir. 172. Alay Komutan\u0131 Osman Bey Kirmasti\u2019dedir. Askeri \u015eube Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019nda \u00f6mer L\u00fctfi ve Halil Bey g\u00f6rev alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Kaymakam H\u00fcsn\u00fc Bey\u2019dir. [3] Yunan i\u015fgaline kadar, Kirmasti\u2019yi bu kadro y\u00f6netmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1918\u2019de B\u00f6lgede Toplumsal Yap\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n G\u00fcney Marmara, verimli topraklar\u0131 nedeniyle, g\u00f6receli olarak Anadolu\u2019nun \u00f6teki b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6re zengin bir ekonomiye sahipti. \u00fcretimdeki fazlal\u0131k, ticaretin artmas\u0131na neden oluyordu.\u00f6zellikle Bursa, \u00f6nemli bir ticaret kentiydi. \u0130pek b\u00f6ce\u011fi ticareti,b\u00f6lgenin n\u00fcfusunu da art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Osmanl\u0131 otoritesinin son y\u00fczy\u0131lda s\u00fcrekli zay\u0131flamas\u0131, Tanzimat Ferman\u0131yla m\u00fclkiyet hakk\u0131n\u0131n tan\u0131nmas\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7iftliklerin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 sa\u011flad\u0131. Bu geli\u015fmenin do\u011fal bir sonucu, topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin say\u0131s\u0131 artt\u0131. Topraks\u0131z k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131, b\u00fcy\u00fck toprak sahiplerinin hizmetine girdi, bir k\u0131sm\u0131 da\u011fa \u00e7\u0131karak \u00e7ete kurdu. Efelik b\u00f6ylece geli\u015fti. Osmanl\u0131 otoritesinin yetersizli\u011fi, da\u011fdaki e\u015fk\u0131yalar\u0131n say\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 giderek art\u0131rd\u0131. E\u015fk\u0131yalar, tacirlerin ve toprak sahiplerinin korkusu oldu. B\u00f6lge s\u00fcrekli bir gerilim ya\u015famaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7menleri genellikle Do\u011fu ve G\u00fcney Marmara\u2019ya yerle\u015ftiriyordu. Gerek 93 Harbi ( 1877-1878), gerekse Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n Balkanlardan geri \u00e7ekilmesi sonucu ba\u015flayan g\u00f6\u00e7, b\u00f6lgeye s\u00fcrekli yeni topluluklar\u0131n yerle\u015fmesine neden oluyordu. \u00f6rne\u011fin, I.Balkan Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019ndan hemen b\u00f6lgeden b\u00fcy\u00fck bir g\u00f6\u00e7 ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015f, 50 bin ki\u015fi Anadolu\u2019ya gelmi\u015f ve bunlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Bursa ve \u00e7evresine yerle\u015fmi\u015ftir. 1914 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin n\u00fcfus politikas\u0131n\u0131n bir sonucu olarak Yunanistan y\u00f6netimindeki Makedonya\u2019dan Do\u011fu Trakya ve G\u00fcney Marmara\u2019ya, buradan ayr\u0131lan Rum ve Ermenilerin yerine yerle\u015fmek \u00fczere gelmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayan halklardan Ermeniler, 1915\u2019teki zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 yasas\u0131 gere\u011fi b\u00f6lgeyi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde terk etmi\u015flerdir. \u00f6zellikle Gemlik\u2019te \u00e7o\u011funlukta olan Ermeniler, b\u00f6lgede hemen her yerde ya\u015famaktayd\u0131lar. Rumlar, daha \u00e7ok \u015fehir merkezlerinde olmak \u00fczere Mudanya, Karacabey ve Gemlik ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere Kirmasti, \u0130neg\u00f6l ve Yeni\u015fehirde ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Ender olarak Trilye ya da Apolyont gibi k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck kasaba ve k\u00f6ylerde de bulunmaktayd\u0131lar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bursa genelinde Ermenilerin n\u00fcfusa oran\u0131 1885\u2019ten ba\u015flayan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalara g\u00f6re en fazla % 9-10 civar\u0131ndad\u0131r. Rumlar daha \u00e7oktur. N\u00fcfusa oranlar\u0131 baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde \u00e7o\u011funluk olmak \u00fczere, toplamda %20\u2019dir. [4]<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgede bir \u00e7ok farkl\u0131 etnik k\u00f6kenden insan birlikte ya\u015f\u0131yordu. M\u00fcsl\u00fcman topluluklar da farkl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6stermekteydi. T\u00fcrklerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra \u00e7erkesler, Arnavutlar, Pomaklar, G\u00fcrc\u00fcler ve az da olsa Lazlar bulunmaktayd\u0131. Hatta istisna olarak K\u00fcrtler\u2019den de s\u00f6z edilebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgede, e\u015fk\u0131yalar ve yerle\u015fikler aras\u0131ndaki \u00e7eli\u015fkinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar aras\u0131nda da gerilim vard\u0131. Ancak bu gerilim, hi\u00e7bir zaman b\u00fcy\u00fck bir \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma do\u011furmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu gerilim, Yunan i\u015fgaliyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00f6necektir. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda da zaman zaman gerilimler ya\u015fan\u0131yordu. \u00f6nemsiz say\u0131lan bu gerilimler, beklenmedik bir bi\u00e7imde M\u00fctareke ko\u015fullar\u0131nda \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya d\u00f6nd\u00fc. \u00e7erkeslerle Arnavutlar aras\u0131nda ba\u015flayan \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, Bilecik\u2019ten Edremit\u2019e kadar uzan\u0131yordu. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Arnavutlarla \u00e7erkesler aras\u0131ndaki gerilimin kayna\u011f\u0131 pek a\u00e7\u0131k de\u011fildir. Kimileri bu gerilimin Balkanlara dayand\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan s\u00f6z eder. Ruslar\u0131n 1859 y\u0131l\u0131nda \u00e7erkesleri yapt\u0131klar\u0131 bask\u0131, Kafkasya\u2019dan yakla\u015f\u0131k 150 bin \u00e7erkes\u2019in Osmanl\u0131ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmas\u0131na neden olur. Osmanl\u0131lar da bunlar\u0131 Balkanlara yerle\u015ftirirler. Ayn\u0131 b\u00f6lgeyi payla\u015fm\u0131\u015f olan bu iki topluluk aras\u0131nda, \u00e7e\u015fitli nedenlerle gerilim ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fclmektedir. 93 Harbi sonras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan Ayestefanos ve Berlin Antla\u015fmalar\u0131 gere\u011fi, Balkanlarda bulunan \u00e7erkesler, Rus s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131ndan uzak bir yere yerle\u015ftirilmesi gerekiyordu. Bu nedenle Osmanl\u0131lar, Balkanlara yerle\u015ftirdikleri \u00e7erkesleri G\u00fcney ve Do\u011fu Marmara\u2019ya yerle\u015ftirdiler. Bu b\u00f6lgede ya\u015fayan Arnavutlarla \u00e7erkesler, eski gerilimi s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015flerdir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nedeni ne olursa olsun, \u00e7erkes-Arnavut gerilimi, b\u00f6lgede kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kararak, Mondros\u2019un 7.Maddesi gere\u011fi bu b\u00f6lgeleri i\u015fgal etmelerini me\u015fru k\u0131lmak isteyen \u0130ngilizlerin ilgisini \u00e7ekmi\u015ftir. K\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalar sonucu Bilecik, Karacabey ve Kirmasti ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00e7erkes-Arnavut \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131, Mustafa Kemal taraf\u0131ndan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir tehlike olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Mustafa Kemal, b\u00f6lgedeki komutanlara \u00e7ekti\u011fi telgraflarla, bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n hemen durdurulmas\u0131n\u0131 istemi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar, korkuyu art\u0131rm\u0131\u015f, g\u00fcvensiz ortam\u0131 e\u015fk\u0131yalar, egemenliklerini art\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kullanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Kirmasti\u2019de giderek g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131ran \u00e7erkes Davut \u00e7etesi buna \u00f6rnektir. \u00e7erkes Davut, hem Anzavur, hem de Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n taraf\u0131n\u0131 tutmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ahmet Anzavur, bu korku ortam\u0131n\u0131 ulusal m\u00fccadeleye kar\u015f\u0131 kullanmak istemi\u015ftir. Yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 fetvalarda, e\u011fer b\u00f6lgede kuvayi milliye geli\u015firse, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin Ermenileri s\u00fcrmesi gibi, Kuvayi Milliye\u2019nin de \u00e7erkesleri evlerinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131raca\u011f\u0131na vurgu yapm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu propaganda kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgenin \u00f6nemli komutanlar\u0131 \u2013 bir \u00e7o\u011fu \u00e7erkes k\u00f6kenlidir- olan Band\u0131rma\u2019da Yusuf \u0130zzet ve Bursa\u2019da Bekir Sami Bey, Karacabey ve \u0130zmit\u2019e giderek halk\u0131 sakinle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00e7erkes Ethem de an\u0131lar\u0131nda, kendisinin hi\u00e7bir zaman \u00e7erkeslik gayesi g\u00fctmedi\u011fini ve halk\u0131 bu y\u00f6nde k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaktan \u00f6zellikle ka\u00e7\u0131nd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getirmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019de n\u00fcfusun da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131 konusunda pek bir ayr\u0131nt\u0131 yoktur. Ancak, kasaba merkezinde M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar\u0131n n\u00fcfusun \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu olu\u015fturdu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Sabri Bey mahallesi (Karakilise) ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Rum evleri, kasaban\u0131n her iki yakas\u0131nda da yayg\u0131nd\u0131r. Bug\u00fcn geni\u015f bir alan\u0131 kaplayan Lala\u015fahin Mahallesi\u2019nin bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, o d\u00f6nemde Ermeni mahallesidir. Ermenilerin b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu, 1915 zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcnde kasabadan ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Geri kalanlar da kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131nda kasabadan ayr\u0131lacaklard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti H\u00fcdevendig\u00e2r olarak bilinen Bursa sanca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6teki b\u00f6lgeleri gibi, s\u00fcrekli g\u00f6\u00e7 alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. 93 Harbi sonras\u0131 kasabaya \u00e7erkesler gelmi\u015f ve S\u00f6\u011f\u00fctalan gibi baz\u0131 k\u00f6yleri kurmu\u015flard\u0131r. 1918\u2019de kasaba n\u00fcfusunda da \u00e7erkesler \u00f6nemli bir orana sahiptir. \u00e7erkesler, 1918-1922 aras\u0131nda \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde etkili olan topluluktur. Kirmasti\u2019de \u015eark\u0131 Karip \u00e7erkesleri Temeni hukuk Cemiyeti, adl\u0131 bir \u00e7erkes derne\u011fi kurulmu\u015ftur. \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fc olmalar\u0131 \u00e7erkeslerin d\u00f6nemin siyasi ve toplumsal olaylar\u0131nda etkisini art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. \u00f6rne\u011fin Anzavur isyan\u0131nda \u00e7erkeslerin rol\u00fc b\u00fcy\u00fckt\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019ye yerle\u015fen bir ba\u015fka Kafkas halk\u0131, G\u00fcrc\u00fclerdir. 93.Harbi ve I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 s\u0131ras\u0131nda gelen G\u00fcrc\u00fcler, K\u00f6m\u00fcrc\u00fc kad\u0131 gibi k\u00f6yler kurup yerle\u015fmi\u015flerdir. Kirmasti\u2019nin i\u00e7inde de G\u00fcrc\u00fc aileler ya\u015famaktad\u0131r. \u00e7erkes \u00e7eteleri gibi zaman zaman G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u00e7eteleri de b\u00f6lgede ter\u00f6r yaratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlardan G\u00fcrc\u00fc Mehmet \u00e7etesi, daha sonra Kuvayi Milliye\u2019ye kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 93 Harbi sonras\u0131 Bursa\u2019ya yerle\u015fen 82 bin g\u00f6\u00e7menden 55\u2019i Kirmasti\u2019ye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015ftir. Bunlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde Pomaklar, Arnavutlar da bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ancak Arnavut yerle\u015fiminin daha eskilere gitti\u011fi bilinmektedir. Kirmasti \u00e7evresinde Arnavut \u00e7etelerine de rastlan\u0131r. Kasap H\u00fcseyin \u00e7etesi buna \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgenin bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6\u00e7menleri \u201cmuhacir\u201d diye adland\u0131r\u0131lan T\u00fcrklerdir. Muhacirlerin b\u00fcy\u00fck b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc Balkanlardan gelmi\u015ftir. Balkan Sava\u015flar\u0131 ve \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin n\u00fcfus politikas\u0131 bu g\u00f6\u00e7leri h\u0131zland\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Muhacir k\u00f6yleri kuruldu\u011fu gibi, Kirmasti i\u00e7inde de \u00f6nemli bir n\u00fcfus olu\u015fturmu\u015flar ve ticaretle u\u011fra\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. O d\u00f6nemde, daha \u00f6nce yerle\u015fmi\u015f olan T\u00fcrkler i\u00e7in \u201cManav\u201d, yeni gelenler i\u00e7in \u201cMuhacir\u201d denmi\u015f ve g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze kadar bu ayr\u0131m s\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1918\u2019de B\u00f6lgede Ekonomik Durum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Tanzimat\u2019tan sonra \u00f6zel m\u00fclk haline gelen b\u00f6lgenin verimli topraklar\u0131ndaki \u00fcr\u00fcn bollu\u011fu, ticaretin artmas\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftu. B\u00f6lgede, imparatorlu\u011fun \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde bile ticaret etkindi. \u00f6zellikle ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fi ve ipekb\u00f6ce\u011fine dayal\u0131 ticaret, Bursa\u2019y\u0131 sermaye merkezi haline getirmi\u015fti. Bursa\u2019n\u0131n bu ticari zenginli\u011fi \u00e7evresini de etkiliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ticaret daha \u00e7ok Rumlar\u0131n, Ermenilerin etkinlik alan\u0131yd\u0131. Yahudiler de bu etkinlik i\u00e7inde yer alm\u0131\u015flard\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar ticarete uzak durmay\u0131 ye\u011fliyorlard\u0131. M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar daha \u00e7ok tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011fa y\u00f6nelmi\u015fti. Yine de Bursa\u2019da, ba\u015fka b\u00f6lgelere oranla daha \u00e7ok M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tacir vard\u0131. \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, Bursa, eskiden beri \u0130pek Yolu\u2019nun \u00f6nemli duraklar\u0131ndan biriydi ve bir ticaret k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne sahipti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bursa\u2019da, 1870\u2019lerdeki verilere bak\u0131l\u0131rsa bir sermaye toplulu\u011fundan s\u00f6z edilebilir. Bu topluluk M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlardan meydana geliyordu ve 1913 y\u0131l\u0131nda, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019nin uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131, \u201culus\u00e7u\u201d ekonomi politikas\u0131yla sars\u0131ld\u0131. Yine de I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019n\u0131n sonuna kadar varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrd\u00fc. Bu toplulu\u011fun Bursa ile ticareti olan yerlerde i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ileri vard\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sermaye sahibi topluluk, s\u00f6m\u00fcrgecilerin \u015firketlerinin b\u00f6lgedeki ticaretini s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmelerinde i\u015fbirli\u011fi yap\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu ekonomik \u00f6rg\u00fc, I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019nda, Ermenilerin g\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilmesiyle de\u011fi\u015fime u\u011frad\u0131. G\u00f6\u00e7 ettirilen Ermeni sermaye sahiplerinin b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 bo\u015flu\u011fu Yahudi, Rum ve M\u00fcsl\u00fcman tacirler doldurdu. Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 \u00f6ncesi bu ekonomik yap\u0131 s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019nin ekonomisi Bursa ile ba\u011flant\u0131s\u0131na ra\u011fmen b\u00fcy\u00fck bir ticaret etkinli\u011fine sahip de\u011fildi. Ekonomik etkinlik daha \u00e7ok tar\u0131ma dayal\u0131yd\u0131. \u201c\u00e7orbac\u0131lar\u201d diye bilinen Rum ailesi ba\u015fta olmak \u00fczere, Rumlar ve Ermeniler bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck ticari etkinli\u011fin ba\u015fat \u00f6\u011feleriydi. Rumlar kasaban\u0131n d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, k\u00f6ylerde de ya\u015famaktayd\u0131 ama eldeki verilere g\u00f6re Ermeniler, sadece kasaba i\u00e7inde bulunmaktayd\u0131. \u00f6zellikle Lala\u015fahin Mahallesinde bulunan Ermeniler, zorunlu g\u00f6\u00e7 yasas\u0131yla kasabadan ayr\u0131l\u0131nca, ticarette zay\u0131flama oldu. Kirmasti i\u00e7inde e\u015fraf ve tacir M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar bulunsa da b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funluk tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla u\u011fra\u015fmaktayd\u0131.Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engel, Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n otoritesinin zay\u0131flamas\u0131 sonucu ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan ve \u201c\u015faki\u201d ad\u0131 verilen e\u015fk\u0131yalard\u0131. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Tar\u0131m ve hayvanc\u0131l\u0131kla elde edilen fazlal\u0131k, \u201cpanay\u0131rlar\u201d ve \u201cpazarlar\u201dda ticaret \u00fcr\u00fcn\u00fcne d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015fmekteydi. Pazar ve panay\u0131r gelene\u011fi Kirmasti\u2019de uzun s\u00fcreli bir gelenektir. G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131nda d\u00fczenlenen \u201cpanay\u0131r\u201d etkinli\u011fini kaybetse de \u201cPazar\u201d gelene\u011fi hala canl\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgede Askeri Durum<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131, kolluk kuvvetleri d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda, Osmanl\u0131 askeri kuvvetlerinin da\u011f\u0131t\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 gerektiriyordu. Bu da\u011f\u0131lma s\u00fcreci 1918\u2019in son aylar\u0131na kadar s\u00fcrd\u00fc. I.D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131\u2019na girmi\u015f olan ordunun \u00fcst kademeleri, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019ye ba\u011fl\u0131yd\u0131. Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019ndan sonra, \u0130ttihat ve Terakki\u2019ye kar\u015f\u0131 bir tepki olu\u015ftu. Osmanl\u0131 Devleti\u2019nin sava\u015fa girmesi ve yenilgisinin sorumlusu olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc. Bu tepki, G\u00fcney Marmara\u2019y\u0131 da etkiledi ve komutanlar de\u011fi\u015ftirildi. Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti, b\u00f6lgeyi elinde tutmak i\u00e7in buraya yeni atamalar yapt\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu komutanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k taraftarlar\u0131yd\u0131. Olanaklar \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcs\u00fcnde ve \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019nin, kolluk kuvveti olarak varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmesine izin verilen asker kal\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 etkin hale getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Bir yandan da Kuvvayi Milliyeyi \u00f6rg\u00fctl\u00fcyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bursa-Bal\u0131kesir b\u00f6lgesinde 1919 y\u0131l\u0131 ba\u015flar\u0131nda, Bursa 56.T\u00fcmen Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda Bekir Sami, Bal\u0131kesir\u2019de 61.F\u0131rka Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Kaz\u0131m \u00f6zalp, \u00e7anakkale\u2019de \u015eevket Bey g\u00f6rev yapmaktayd\u0131. B\u00f6lgenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck komutan\u0131ysa 14.Kolordu Kumandan\u0131 Tu\u011fgeneral Yusuf \u0130zzet\u2019ti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019de 172.Alay ve Jandarma Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 bulunmaktayd\u0131. 172.Alay Komutan\u0131 Osman Bey\u2019di. Bekir Sami ve Yusuf \u0130zzet\u2019in yaz\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131nda, bu alaydan ka\u00e7an baz\u0131 askerlerden s\u00f6z edilir. Askerlerin kimlikleri belirlenmedi\u011fi i\u00e7in takiplerinin zorlu\u011fu dile getirilir. 1918 ko\u015fullar\u0131nda bu ola\u011fan gibidir. Sava\u015f\u0131n yenilgisi ve belirsizlik, asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00f6lgedeki Kuvvayi Milliye\u2019nin \u00e7ekirde\u011fini olu\u015fturacak olan bu birlikler, Ahmet Anzavur\u2019un propagandas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda da bocalamaktayd\u0131lar. \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Anzavur, u\u011fruna sava\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmdar ve halifelik ad\u0131na m\u00fccadele etti\u011fini ilan etmektedir. Yine de 172.Alay, Kirmasti\u2019de, Kuvayi Milliye hareketinin en g\u00fcvenilir merkezi olmay\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Bekir Sami Bey, Kirmasti\u2019deki bu birli\u011fin Bursa\u2019n\u0131n savunulmas\u0131nda ikincil bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak yap\u0131land\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcr. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc Yusuf \u0130zzet Bey\u2019e bildirir. Bu yap\u0131lanma ger\u00e7ekle\u015fmeden Yusuf \u0130zzet Bey, Bekir Sami Bey\u2019den Kirmasti\u2019deki birli\u011fin, 7.11.1919\u2019da Band\u0131rma\u2019da olacak \u015fekilde hareket ettirilmesini ister. B\u00f6ylece Kirmasti\u2019de Jandarmalar d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda asker kalmaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019de Kuvayi Milliye\u2019nin \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi i\u00e7in u\u011fra\u015f verenlerin ba\u015f\u0131nda Dr.Hilmi, Binba\u015f\u0131 \u00f6mer ve G\u00fcrc\u00fc Mehmet bulunmaktad\u0131r. Kirmasti Kuvayi Milliye komutan\u0131 Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Halil bey olur. B\u00f6lgedeki \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmelerde \u201cHac\u0131bekir\u201dden s\u0131k\u00e7a s\u00f6z edilmektedir. \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 \u00f6vg\u00fc ile anlat\u0131l\u0131r. Ba\u015fhaf\u0131z Ahmet Efendi, Haf\u0131z Mustafa Efendi, G\u00fcrc\u00fc Ahmet Efendi ve belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131 Benli Ahmet A\u011fa, Kaaburuk Hasan A\u011fa ve K\u00fcrt Mel\u00fct, G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u0130smail, Tatar Cemil, Kalyoncu Mehmet, Mustafa Bar\u0131\u015f, K\u00f6r Ahmet, Faik Bursal\u0131, Karap\u0131narl\u0131 Ahmet \u00e7avu\u015f, \u0130shak \u00e7avu\u015f, Koca Ali o\u011flu Musa, Osman o\u011flu Mehmet, Hoca Osman\u0131n Ahmet, Hac\u0131 Ali, Laz \u0130smail, Mustafa Hamdi, Emrullah ve Ali, G\u00fcler K\u00f6yl\u00fc K\u00fcrt \u00f6mer \u00e7avu\u015f, Yavellili Halit \u00e7avu\u015f, Ko\u015fubo\u011faz\u0131\u2019ndan Pir Mehmet, Mehmet kuru Kuvayi Milliyecidirler. Kuvayi Milliye i\u00e7in Jandarma \u015eubesinin cephanelerini kullanmak isterler ve bunun i\u00e7in Bekir Sami beyle uzun s\u00fcren bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme ba\u015flar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019de Vehbi Bey taraf\u0131ndan Redd-i \u0130lhak Cemiyeti\u2019nin kuruldu\u011funa y\u00f6nelik g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler vard\u0131r. Ancak bu cemiyetin etkinli\u011fine y\u00f6nelik bir bilgi yoktur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00e7erkes-Arnavut \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ve Kirmasti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00e7erkes-Arnavut \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 [5], ulusal m\u00fccadelenin hen\u00fcz \u00f6rg\u00fctlendi\u011fi bir d\u00f6nemde ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bu gerilim, ulusal m\u00fccadeleyi engelledi\u011fi i\u00e7in Mustafa Kemal, b\u00f6lgedeki komutanlar\u0131, olaylara duyarl\u0131 olmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Komutanlar\u0131n ortak fikrine g\u00f6re; bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma do\u011fal de\u011fildir ve iki toplum birbirine kar\u015f\u0131 k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rt\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. K\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalarla ilgili bir \u00e7ok belgeden s\u00f6z edilir. S\u00f6zgelimi Albay \u015eevket Bey, Bekir Sami Bey\u2019e, \u00e7erkes-Arnavut \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmalarda kullan\u0131lmak \u00fczere, Karacabey\u2019e 1.200 T\u00fcrk Liras\u0131 g\u00f6nderildi\u011finin \u00f6\u011frenildi\u011fini ve takip edilmesi gerekti\u011fini bildirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bu \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n arkas\u0131nda \u0130ngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti\u2019nin [6] oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenir. Bu sav\u0131n ge\u00e7erli olmas\u0131 pek olas\u0131d\u0131r. \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u0130ngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti\u2019nin iki ba\u015fkan\u0131, Said Molla ve Rahip Frew aras\u0131ndaki mektuplar, bu k\u0131\u015fk\u0131rtmaya y\u00f6nelik ipu\u00e7lar\u0131 vard\u0131r. \u0130ngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti, b\u00f6lgede kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kartarak \u00f6ncelikle ulusal m\u00fccadeleyi par\u00e7alamak istemektedirler. Bu gerilimden, Mondros Ate\u015fkes Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n 7.Maddesi nedeniyle \u0130ngilizler kolayl\u0131kla yararlanabilecektir. \u0130ngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti\u2019nin Kirmasti\u2019de bir \u015fubesinin a\u00e7\u0131lmas\u0131 bu a\u00e7\u0131dan anlaml\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00e7erkes-Arnavut \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Kirmasti\u2019de etkindir. Harbiye Naz\u0131r\u0131 Cemal Pa\u015fa, Bekir Sami Bey\u2019e g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgrafta, durumdan haberdar olduklar\u0131n\u0131 bildirir. Cemal Pa\u015fa, Arnavutlar\u0131n \u00e7erkeslerden 7 ki\u015fiyi \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcp kasabay\u0131 da i\u015fgal ettiklerini duyduklar\u0131n\u0131, durumun daha k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmeden kontrol alt\u0131na al\u0131nmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini bildirir. Bekir Sami Bey Kirmasti\u2019deki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya m\u00fcdahale eder. 40 ki\u015fi yakalan\u0131r. Bursa valisiyle birlikte Kirmasti\u2019ye gelerek (24-27 Ekim 1919) halk\u0131 sakinle\u015ftirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bekir Sami Bey\u2019e g\u00f6re Kirmasti\u2019deki \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma, \u00e7erkes-Arnavut \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 de\u011fildir. Arnavutlardan Kasap H\u00fcseyin\u2019in e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131klar\u0131na \u00e7erkeslerin zorunlu kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k veri\u015fidir. Ancak Bekir Sami Bey\u2019in \u00e7erkes k\u00f6kenli olmas\u0131, bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn nesnelli\u011fi konusunda ku\u015fku uyand\u0131rmaktad\u0131r. Hatta, \u00e7at\u0131\u015fman\u0131n durdurulmamas\u0131nda, b\u00f6lgede bulunan komutanlar\u0131n bir \u00e7o\u011funun \u00e7erkes k\u00f6kenli olmas\u0131yla ilgisi oldu\u011fu ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bekir Sami Bey, Mustafa Kemal\u2019e, B\u00f6lgenin en b\u00fcy\u00fck komutan\u0131 olan Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019n\u0131n bir \u00e7erkes milliyet\u00e7isi oldu\u011fundan \u015f\u00fcphelendi\u011fini bildirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00e7erkes komutanlar ve Kuvayi Milliyeciler \u00fczerinde dola\u015fan \u015f\u00fcpheler o kadar yayg\u0131nla\u015f\u0131r ki, \u00e7erkes Ethem, an\u0131lar\u0131nda, \u00e7erkeslik siyaseti g\u00fctmedi\u011fini ve bu siyasetin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda oldu\u011funu birka\u00e7 kez tekrarlam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ger\u00e7i \u00e7erkes Ethem\u2019in birliklerinin de ana g\u00fcc\u00fc \u00e7erkeslerden olu\u015fmu\u015ftur. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7erkes Ethem, Anzavur isyan\u0131n\u0131 bast\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 S\u00f6g\u00fctalan-Apolyont b\u00f6lgesinde, bir \u00e7ok isyanc\u0131 \u00e7erkes\u2019i \u00f6ld\u00fcrtm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr. Benzer bir \u015fekilde, \u00f6teki isyanc\u0131larla birlikte ele ge\u00e7irilen \u00e7erkes isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n da Kirmasti k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcnde as\u0131lmas\u0131 emrini vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur \u0130syan\u0131 ve Kirmasti<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Ahmet Anzavur, 1919\u2019da G\u00fcney Marmara\u2019da \u00fcmmet\u00e7i bir s\u00f6ylemle ulusal m\u00fccadeleye kar\u015f\u0131 m\u00fccadele ba\u015flatt\u0131. Eski \u0130zmit Mutasarr\u0131f\u0131 olmas\u0131, \u0130ngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti ve Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan destek g\u00f6rmesi, b\u00f6lgede etkin olmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131na neden oldu. Anzavur, \u00e7erkes milliyet\u00e7ili\u011fini de ulusal m\u00fccadeleye kar\u015f\u0131 kullan\u0131yordu. Yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7lenen Anzavur, isyandan \u00f6nce, b\u00f6lgedeki kasabalara ve k\u00f6ylere haber ula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131p, kendisine kat\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da bulundu. Bu \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131da Halifelik bayra\u011f\u0131n\u0131n yeniden canland\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131 vurgulan\u0131yordu. \u00e7erkeslerin \u00e7o\u011funlukta olduklar\u0131 yerlerde ise ba\u015fka bir propaganda kullan\u0131l\u0131yordu. Anzavur\u2019a g\u00f6re Kuvayi Milliyeciler \u0130ttiha\u00e7\u0131yd\u0131 ve Halifeyi ortadan kald\u0131rmak istiyorlard\u0131. Din elden gitmekteydi. Bunun sorumlusu Kuvayi Milliyecilerdi. Anzavur, Kuvayi Milliyecilerin, \u0130ttihat\u00e7\u0131lar\u0131n Ermenileri yurtlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcrd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc gibi, \u00e7erkesleri yerlerinden s\u00fcrecekleri, onlara eziyet edecekleri sav\u0131ndayd\u0131. Anzavur\u2019a g\u00f6re, bu gerek\u00e7elerle G\u00fcney Marmara\u2019daki \u00e7erkesler kendisine kat\u0131lmal\u0131yd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur\u2019un \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir k\u0131s\u0131m \u00e7erkes isyana kat\u0131l\u0131r. \u0130syana kat\u0131lmak istemeyen \u00e7erkeslerden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Bursa\u2019da Bekir Sami Bey\u2019e ba\u015fvururlar. Bekir Sami Bey, Kuvayi Milliyecilerin \u00e7erkesleri yurtlar\u0131ndan s\u00fcrecekleri iddias\u0131n\u0131n ger\u00e7ek d\u0131\u015f\u0131 oldu\u011funu bildirir. Buna kar\u015f\u0131n \u00e7erkes Anzavur isyan \u00e7\u0131kartacak kadar g\u00fc\u00e7lenmi\u015ftir ve 29 Ekin 1919\u2019da isyan ba\u015flar. Anzavur g\u00fc\u00e7leri 2 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Susurluk\u2019a gelir. Bekir Sami Bey, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn, Kirmasti Kuvayi Milliye Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019na durumu bildirerek, isyan\u0131n Kirmasti ve Karacabey\u2019e s\u0131\u00e7rayabilece\u011fi, dikkatli olunmas\u0131 ve \u00f6nlem al\u0131nmas\u0131 gere\u011fini bildirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur kuvvetleri Bal\u0131kesir\u2019den Band\u0131rma\u2019ya giden bir askeri konvoyu ele ge\u00e7irir. Bu ba\u015far\u0131 Anzavur\u2019u g\u00fc\u00e7lendirir. Durumun k\u00f6t\u00fcye gitmesi \u00fczerine Rahmi Bey, Anzavur\u2019u takiple g\u00f6revlendirilir. Ancak 5 Kas\u0131m\u2019da pusuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Teslim olan askerlerinden bir k\u0131sm\u0131 Anzavur\u2019a kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur\u2019un ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131 ve Kirmasti yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki etkinli\u011fi kasabada tela\u015fa neden olur. Kuvayi Milliyeci Dr.Hilmi ve Binba\u015f\u0131 \u00f6mer L\u00fctf\u00fc, Bekir Sami Bey\u2019e Anzavur\u2019un isyan\u0131yla birlikte, kaymakam\u0131n ve jandarma komutan\u0131n\u0131n tutum ve tav\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131n de\u011fi\u015fti\u011fini bildirirler. Bunun \u00fczerine Bekir Sami Bey, jandarma komutan\u0131n\u0131 uyar\u0131r. Bu s\u0131rada Anzavur\u2019un Kirmasti Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na 11 Kas\u0131m\u2019da g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi telgraf ele ge\u00e7irilir. Telgrafta \u015f\u00f6yle denmektedir: \u201cKirmasti Kaymakaml\u0131\u011f\u0131na; Birka\u00e7 g\u00fcnden beri oralarda jandarma arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla halktan zorla asker toplad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131z haberi al\u0131nd\u0131. \u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n emri olmadan asker toplayamazs\u0131n\u0131z\u2026 Allah\u2019\u0131n emri ile oraya gelece\u011fim.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur kuvvetleri Kirmasti\u2019ye gelmeden, 16 Kas\u0131m\u2019da Susurluk-Bal\u0131kesir aras\u0131ndaki \u201cDemirkap\u0131\u201dda bozguna u\u011frat\u0131l\u0131r. Anzavur geri \u00e7ekilir. 20 Kas\u0131m\u2019da \u00e7erkes Ethem de b\u00f6lgedeki kuvvetlere kat\u0131l\u0131r. Anzavur\u2019u takip ba\u015flarlar. Takip yakla\u015f\u0131k iki hafta s\u00fcr\u00fcr. Anzavur, 30 Kas\u0131m 1919\u2019da S\u00f6g\u00fctalan yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda ku\u015fat\u0131l\u0131r. \u00e7at\u0131\u015fma sonunda, Anzavur\u2019un adamlar\u0131ndan bir \u00e7o\u011fu \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcl\u00fcr. Bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ka\u00e7ar. Anzavur da ka\u00e7anlar aras\u0131ndad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1920 Ocak ay\u0131nda \u0130stanbul\u2019dan g\u00f6revle gelen Hur\u015fit Pa\u015fa, Bal\u0131kesir ve Band\u0131rma \u00e7evresinde ara\u015ft\u0131rma yapt\u0131ktan sonra, \u0130stanbul\u2019a d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnde, \u201c\u00e7erkes Teav\u00fcn Cemiyeti\u201dnin resmen tan\u0131nmas\u0131 ve Anzavur\u2019a 20.000 lira verilmesini, Meclis-i V\u00fckela\u2019ya teklif eder. Anzavur, Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmetince desteklenir ve b\u00f6lgede yeniden \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeye ba\u015flar. \u00f6zellikle as\u0131l ad\u0131 Pomak Fevzi olan Gavur \u0130mam, \u015eah \u0130smail ve Davut \u00e7etelerinin yard\u0131m\u0131yla g\u00fcc\u00fcn\u00fc art\u0131rmaya ba\u015flar. Bu geli\u015fme kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kaz\u0131m Bey, \u0130ngiliz Kemal\u2019i Anzavur\u2019un niyetini anlamak i\u00e7in Band\u0131rma\u2019ya g\u00f6nderir. Band\u0131rma\u2019ya \u201cMr.D\u00fcri\u201d adl\u0131 bir Amerikal\u0131 olarak giden \u0130ngiliz Kemal, Anzavur\u2019un plan\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenir. Bu plana g\u00f6re; Anzavur, yeterince g\u00fc\u00e7lendikten sonra \u00fc\u00e7 koldan b\u00f6lgeyi ele ge\u00e7irecektir. Birinci kol, Susurluk \u00fczerinden Bal\u0131kesir\u2019e hareket edecek, ikinci kol, G\u00f6nen \u00fczerinden Bal\u0131kesir\u2019e y\u00f6nelecek ve \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc kol ise Kirmasti\u2019den ge\u00e7ecektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur, G\u00f6nen ve Biga\u2019y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irince, Kuvayi Milliyeciler ve kasabalardaki y\u00f6neticilere olduk\u00e7a sert davran\u0131r. Bu olay, k\u0131sa zamanda duyulur. Kirmasti halk\u0131, bu s\u0131rada olas\u0131 Yunan i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 haz\u0131rl\u0131k yapmaktad\u0131r. Belikesir Redd-i \u0130lhak Komitesi, Kirmasti Anadolu ve Rumeli M\u00fcdafaa-i Hukuk Cemiyeti\u2019ne haz\u0131rlak yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gere\u011fini bildirir. Halk\u0131n \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmesi ve bilin\u00e7lendirilmesi i\u00e7in K\u00fcrt Mevlit, ilgin\u00e7 bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f ortaya atar. Bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f benimsenir ve uygulamaya konur. Buna g\u00f6re; Kasabada bir g\u00fcre\u015f ve ko\u015fu yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 d\u00fczenlenecek, b\u00f6ylelikle halk toplanarak kalabal\u0131\u011fa ulusal duyguyu uyaracak propaganda yap\u0131lacakt\u0131r. S\u00f6zkonusu yar\u0131\u015fmalar Dana\u00e7ay\u0131r\u0131 Meydan\u0131\u2019nda yap\u0131l\u0131r. Yar\u0131\u015fmalar bitince, oraya getirilen k\u00fcrs\u00fcden \u00f6\u011fretmen Haf\u0131z Kas\u0131m \u015eenuyar taraf\u0131ndan ulusal bir s\u00f6ylev verilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Halk, Yunan i\u015fgalini beklerken, Anzavur, b\u00fcy\u00fck bir olas\u0131l\u0131kla 14 Nisan \u00e7ar\u015famba [7] g\u00fcn\u00fc Kirmasti\u2019ye girer\u2026 Kuvayi Milliye\u2019nin hen\u00fcz tam \u00f6rg\u00fctlenemedi\u011fi d\u00f6nemde, Anzavur\u2019un \u201cAsakiri Muhammediye\u201d ad\u0131n\u0131 verdi\u011fi g\u00fc\u00e7leri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda tutunacak bir g\u00fc\u00e7 yoktur. Anzavur, o\u011flu Kadri ile birlikte Kirmasti\u2019ye gelir. Anzavur\u2019un geli\u015fini haber alan Kaymakam Saffet Bey ve Jandarma B\u00f6l\u00fck Kumandan\u0131 \u015eakir Fehmi Bey, kasabadan uzakla\u015fmam\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. 172.Alay Komutan\u0131 Osman Bey, elindeki g\u00fcc\u00fcn yok olmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in geri \u00e7ekilmeyi uygun bulur. [8] Bat\u0131 Cephesi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan da \u201ccasusluk\u201d g\u00f6revi verilen Mehmet Hulisi\u2019yi (Ko\u00e7ak), Saffet Bey ve \u015eakir Fehmi Bey\u2019leri takip i\u00e7in g\u00f6revlendirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur, bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Adliye Binas\u0131n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bulunan H\u00fcseyin \u00e7etin\u2019e ait binaya yerle\u015ferek karargah\u0131n\u0131 kurar. Anzavur, Kirmasti\u2019den kendi kuvvetlerine kat\u0131lanlara, kasabada cephane ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131r. Bu arada \u00e7erkes Davut \u00e7etesi, daha \u00f6nce haberle\u015fti\u011fi Anzavur\u2019un birliklerine kat\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 172.Alay\u2019\u0131n cephanesini haber alan Anzavur, cephaneyi Ka\u00e7aburuk Hasan Usta ve Hac\u0131 Seydi\u2019nin evinde ele ge\u00e7irir. Kirmasti\u2019deki ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7ler, o d\u00f6nemde \u00e7ok de\u011ferli olan cephanelerini kaybederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur sadece cephaneyi ele ge\u00e7irmez, Kuvayi Milliyeci oldu\u011fu iddia edilenleri K\u00f6pr\u00fc \u00fczerinde ast\u0131r\u0131r. [9] B\u00f6ylece kasabaya korku salar. Bu korku kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda baz\u0131 kasabal\u0131lar Anzavur g\u00fc\u00e7lerine kat\u0131lmay\u0131 tercih ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur, 16 Nisan 1920 Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc, din duygulara hitap eden bir s\u00f6ylev vererek, Susurluk\u2019a y\u00f6nelir. Susurluk yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda \u00e7erkes Ethem \u00f6nderli\u011findeki Kuvayi Milliye birlikleriyle \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmaya girer ve yenilir. B\u00f6ylece Ekinci Anzavur \u0130syan\u0131 da bast\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. [10]<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00e7erkes Ethem Kirmasti\u2019de<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00e7erkes Ethem, Anzavur \u0130syan\u0131\u2019n\u0131 bast\u0131rd\u0131ktan sonra Kirmasti\u2019ye gelir. \u00f6ncelikle isyana kat\u0131lanlar\u0131 soru\u015fturur. Anzavur\u2019un Kirmasti\u2019de bulundu\u011fu s\u0131rada Jandarma Karakol Kumandan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Ba\u015f\u00e7avu\u015f Abdullaho\u011flu Mehmet ve di\u011ferleri k\u00f6p\u00fcr \u00fczerinde idam edilir. O zaman k\u00f6pr\u00fc a\u011fa\u00e7tand\u0131r ve idamlar ilgin\u00e7 bir manzara olu\u015fturur. Davut \u00e7etesi takibe al\u0131n\u0131r. Takip s\u0131ras\u0131nda, \u00e7alt\u0131l\u0131b\u00fck yak\u0131n\u0131ndaki Dorak\u2019ta \u00e7etenin ele ge\u00e7irildi\u011fi s\u00f6ylenmektedir. Ancak bu bilginin do\u011frulu\u011fu \u015f\u00fcphelidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u00e7erkes Ethem\u2019in Kirmasti\u2019ye geldi\u011fi s\u0131rada, kasabada \u0130ngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti\u2019nin \u015fubesi bulunmaktad\u0131r. Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Kaymakam Hasan Bey\u2019dir. \u00e7erkes Ethem, Hasan Bey\u2019i sorgular ve idam ettirir. \u00e7erkes Ethem bir s\u00fcre sonra kasabadan ayr\u0131l\u0131r ve Bursa\u2019ya gider. Ancak Bursa\u2019dayken bile Kirmasti ile ilgilenir. Kirmasti Jandarma Kumandanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na, kendi mahiyetinden olan S\u00fcleyman \u00e7avu\u015f\u2019un firar etti\u011fini ve oralarda g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc, bulunup idam edilmesini istedi\u011fi bir telgraf g\u00f6nderir. Bu s\u0131rada 172.Alay Kumandan\u0131 Osman Bey Kirmasti\u2019de \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fiden olu\u015fan bir \u201cDivan-\u0131 Harp\u201d olu\u015fturur. Anzavur\u2019a kat\u0131lanlar, e\u015fkiyalar ve bunlara yard\u0131mc\u0131 olanlar hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma ba\u015flat\u0131r. Karacabeyli Hac\u0131 Cerrah ve Arzuhalci Hamdi, ilk olarak yarg\u0131lan\u0131r ve k\u00f6pr\u00fcde idam ettirilir. Hac\u0131 Cerrah i\u00e7in \u00e7erkes Ethem, sal\u0131verilme emri g\u00f6ndermi\u015fse de telgraf idamdan sonra gelebilmi\u015f, belki de b\u00f6yle bilinsin istenmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti Yunan \u0130\u015fgalinde<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Son iki y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131 gerilimler i\u00e7inde ya\u015fayan Kirmasti, 2 Temmuz 1920 Cuma G\u00fcn\u00fc \u00f6\u011fleden sonra, Yunan i\u015fgaline u\u011frar. Yunanlar\u0131n gelece\u011fi Haziran ay\u0131ndan beri bilinmektedir. 172.Alay Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131\u2019n\u0131 Burhanettin (Ural) \u00fcstlenmi\u015ftir. Alayda 100 piyade ve 25 Atl\u0131 asker bulunmaktad\u0131r. Askerlik \u015eubesinde, \u00f6mer L\u00fctfi Bey komutas\u0131ndaysa 13 asker vard\u0131r. Kirmasti\u2019deki Kuva-\u0131 Milliye, Anzavur isyan\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 iyice zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f ve diren\u00e7siz hale gelmi\u015ftir. Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Ahmet Benli, i\u015fgal kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda bir tutum tak\u0131nacak g\u00fcce sahip de\u011fildir. Zaten Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 haberini al\u0131r almaz, Ahmet Benli, 172. Alay ve Jandarmalar kasabay\u0131 terk ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yunanl\u0131lar, Kavakl\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nden kasabaya yakla\u015f\u0131rlar. \u0130\u015fgal \u00f6ncesi kasabada bir temsil heyeti olu\u015fturulur. Kasaban\u0131n Yunanl\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan y\u0131k\u0131lmamas\u0131 i\u00e7in g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yap\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131l\u0131r. Temsil Heyetinde, Rumca\u2019y\u0131 iyi bilen Alasonyal\u0131 Nuri ile yerli Rumlardan Yanako ve Dimitri vard\u0131r. Yunanl\u0131lar, Bay\u0131r Mahalleden kasabaya girdiklerinde, Temsil Heyeti onlarla g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme talebinde bulunur. Yunanl\u0131lara hi\u00e7bir direni\u015f olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131, bunun kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda kasabaya zarar vermemeleri gerekti\u011fi iletilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yunan atl\u0131 birli\u011fi diren\u00e7 g\u00f6rmeden k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede kasabay\u0131 i\u015fgal eder. Piyadeler, Kirmasti\u2019de durmay\u0131p Bursa\u2019ya do\u011fru ilerlerler. Yunan ilerleyi\u015fi kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda 61. ve 56. T\u00fcmenler, Uluabat K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc y\u0131karak geri \u00e7ekilmi\u015flerdir. Bu geri \u00e7ekilmeye, daha \u00f6nce Akhisar\u2019da Yunanl\u0131lara yenilen Kemal Bey ve askerleri de kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019ye giren Yunan askerleri, Jandarma binas\u0131na yerle\u015fir. \u0130\u015fgal ettikleri di\u011fer yerle\u015fim birimlerinde oldu\u011fu gibi, kasabal\u0131lar\u0131n evlerinin \u00f6n\u00fcne fener asmas\u0131n\u0131 emrederler. Kasaban\u0131n giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flar\u0131 Yunan askerlerince denetlenir. Kasabaya giri\u015f ve \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015flarda Yunan komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n izni istenir. Her t\u00fcrden silah ta\u015f\u0131mak yasaklan\u0131r ve aramalar yap\u0131l\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019deki Rumlar\u0131n i\u00e7inde, \u201c\u00e7orbac\u0131lar\u201d ailesi \u00e7ok k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir ailedir. Yunan kuvvetleri gelir gelmez, bu ailenin ileri gelenleriyle ili\u015fkiye ge\u00e7erler. B\u00f6ylece kasaban\u0131n Rumlar\u0131yla Yunan ordusu g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc bir ba\u011f kurar. Bu ili\u015fkinin kasaban\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yang\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131nda yarar sa\u011flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 ileri s\u00fcr\u00fclmektedir. Bursa\u2019n\u0131n i\u015fgale u\u011frayan di\u011fer kasabalar\u0131 Yunanl\u0131larca yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f veya b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131larla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yunan i\u015fgalinin en az zarar verdi\u011fi kasaba Kirmasti\u2019dir. \u0130\u015fgal boyunca d\u00f6v\u00fclen, i\u015fkence edilen, \u0131rz\u0131na ge\u00e7ilen ya da hapis edilen kasabal\u0131 say\u0131s\u0131 \u00e7ok azd\u0131r. Kasaban\u0131n az zarar g\u00f6rmesinde bir ba\u015fka etken, direni\u015fin neredeyse olmamas\u0131 g\u00f6sterilebilir. Kasabada \u015eevkiye Mahallesi\u2019nden Abdurrahim o\u011flu Selim ve Sarn\u0131\u00e7 K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nden Koca Halil o\u011flu Ramazan\u2019\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi gibi pek az olay ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. <\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fgal s\u00fcresince ( 2 Temmuz 1920-14 Eyl\u00fcl 1922) olu\u015fan ekonomik zarar\u0131n kasabada 507.492 lira, k\u00f6ylerde 342.276 lire ve toplamda 849.768 lira oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenmektedir. En \u00e7ok zarara u\u011frayan mahalle \u00e7\u0131rpan Mahallesidir. \u0130\u015fgalden en \u00e7ok zarar g\u00f6ren k\u00f6y Tepeciktir. Pa\u015falar, Ta\u015fk\u00f6pr\u00fc, Ko\u015fubo\u011faz\u0131 ve Dall\u0131mezarl\u0131k k\u00f6ylerinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yang\u0131nlar \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. [11]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yunan i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri Kirmasti\u2019de daha \u00e7ok inan\u00e7lar\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. \u00f6rne\u011fin, namaz vakitlerinde 6 asker, \u015eeyh M\u00fcft\u00fc Camii\u2019nin \u00f6n\u00fcnde n\u00f6bet tutmu\u015f, ibadet edenleri, namaz s\u00fcresince boru \u00e7alarak rahats\u0131z etmi\u015flerdir. Yunan kuvvetleri, dinsel kimli\u011fi temel kar\u015f\u0131tl\u0131k olarak g\u00f6rmektedir. Osmanl\u0131 \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu\u2019nu, T\u00fcrk imparatorlu\u011fu olarak de\u011fil, \u0130slam imparatorlu\u011fu olarak alg\u0131lad\u0131klar\u0131 i\u00e7in, i\u015fgal ettikleri yerlerdeki bask\u0131lar\u0131 da daha \u00e7ok dinsel olmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yunan i\u015fgalinde Kirmasti, Bursa\u2019n\u0131n \u00f6teki b\u00f6lgelerine g\u00f6re az zarar g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr, ancak bu ac\u0131lar\u0131n ya\u015fanmad\u0131\u011f\u0131, i\u015fgal alt\u0131nda hayat\u0131n normal ak\u0131\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmez. S\u00f6zgelimi \u201cpazar\u201d Kirmasti\u2019de k\u00f6kl\u00fc bir gelenek ve temel ekonomik etkinlikti. Yunanl\u0131lar k\u00f6yl\u00fclerin pazara gelmesini vizeye ba\u011flad\u0131lar. Vize ka\u011f\u0131tlar\u0131 Yunan komutan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan imzalan\u0131yordu ve vize i\u00e7in uzun kuyruklar olu\u015fuyordu. \u0130\u015fgal alt\u0131nda g\u00fcce dayal\u0131 keyfi b\u00fcrokrasi, vize alacaklar\u0131n g\u00fcnlerce beklemesine neden oluyordu. Vize almak i\u00e7in ba\u015fka bir yol daha vard\u0131; yerli Rumlar\u0131n \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na para veriliyor, onlar k\u0131sa zamanda vizeyi onaylat\u0131yorlard\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Rumlar\u0131 kasabadaki \u00f6teki topluluklardan ayr\u0131l\u0131p, \u0130\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerine ba\u011fl\u0131 bir toplulu\u011fa d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcyor, Rumlarla M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aras\u0131nda derin bir d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k olu\u015fuyordu. \u00f6zellikle Rum \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n \u015f\u0131mar\u0131kl\u0131\u011f\u0131, kasaba halk\u0131 aras\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck huzursuzluk yarat\u0131yordu. Rum \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n ta\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 \u00f6yle artm\u0131\u015ft\u0131 ki, zaman zaman kahvede oturan ya\u015fl\u0131lar\u0131n y\u00fczlerine t\u00fck\u00fcr\u00fcyorlar, y\u00fczlerine k\u00fcl ve kum at\u0131yorlard\u0131r. Halk\u0131n Rum \u00e7ocuklar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131 olanaks\u0131zd\u0131, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, hemen kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131nda Yunan askerlerini buluyorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fgalciler zaman zaman angaryalara da ba\u015f vurmu\u015flard\u0131. O\u011flaktepe ve Behram s\u0131rtlar\u0131na tel \u00e7ekme i\u015fini kasaba halk\u0131na yapt\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u0130\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin atlar\u0131 i\u00e7in gerekli otu, kasaba halk\u0131na bi\u00e7tirdiler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yunan i\u015fgali ba\u015flamadan kasabadan ayr\u0131lanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131 d\u0131\u015far\u0131da uzun s\u00fcre kalamad\u0131lar ve gizlice d\u00f6nmeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Ancak bunlar k\u0131sa zamanda Yunan askerlerince yakaland\u0131. Bunlardan biri de Ba\u015fhaf\u0131z Ahmet Efendi\u2019dir. Ahmet Efendi, halk aras\u0131nda d\u00f6v\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f, koltuk altlar\u0131na s\u0131cak yumurta koyularak i\u015fkence edilmi\u015fti. Bu t\u00fcr bask\u0131 ve i\u015fkenceler, kasabal\u0131lar\u0131n b\u00fcy\u00fck korkuya kap\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olurken, bir yandan da direni\u015fi g\u00fc\u00e7lendirdi. Direni\u015f\u00e7iler da\u011flara \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve zaman zaman Yunan g\u00fc\u00e7lerine k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck sald\u0131r\u0131lar d\u00fczenlemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Bu k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck \u00e7etelerin bilinenleri, Nazif A\u011fan\u0131n Ahmet, G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u0130smail, Laz \u0130smail, Hac\u0131bekir ve Karap\u0131narl\u0131 Mehmet \u00e7eteleridir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Anzavur isyan\u0131 d\u00f6neminde ona ba\u011fl\u0131l\u0131k g\u00f6steren Davut \u00e7etesi, kasabaya Yunan askerlerinin gelmesiyle, Yunanl\u0131larla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Davut \u00e7etesi, Kirmasti\u2019nin en g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00e7etesiydi. Davut ve Yunan g\u00fc\u00e7lerinin ittifak\u0131, b\u00f6lgedeki \u00e7ete etkinliklerini k\u0131sa zamanda azaltt\u0131. Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n yapmak istedikleri ama a\u00e7\u0131klamakta zorlanacaklar\u0131 eylemler, Davut \u00e7etesi\u2019nce yap\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. [12] Yunan komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda Davut, halktan zorla hayvan ve para topluyor, adam \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor, yol kesiyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019deki ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7ler, i\u015fgal s\u0131ras\u0131nda \u00e7ete d\u00fczeyindedir ve genel bir \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilememi\u015ftir. Bat\u0131 Cephesi Komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ili\u015fki i\u00e7inde bulunan Mehmet Hul\u00fbsi (kocak) ve Osman U\u011fur, ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7leri bir araya getirmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. Bu do\u011frultuda karakollar olu\u015fturmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar ve ilk gizli karakol \u00e7ivili\u00e7am K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde kurulmu\u015ftur. Gizli karakollar kurarak olu\u015fturulan \u00f6rg\u00fct, zaman zaman Yunan karakollar\u0131na k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bask\u0131nlar d\u00fczenliyordu. Ancak ulusal \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmenin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda sadece Yunan g\u00fc\u00e7leri yoktu. \u00e7etecileri tan\u0131yan, ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7lere yard\u0131m edenleri bilen Davut ve kuvvetleri, Kuvayi Milliyecilerin ailelerini tehdit ediyordu. Bu y\u0131ld\u0131rma takti\u011fi b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 oldu. Ailelerin Yunan ve Davut tehdidinden uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak olanakl\u0131 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, bira ra, \u00e7eteciler ailelerini \u00f6ld\u00fcrmeyi bile d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdi. \u00f6zellikle G\u00fcrc\u00fc \u0130smail\u2019in bu konuda radikal bir tutum izledi\u011fi bilinmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kuvayi Milliyeciler art\u0131nca Davut ve yunan kuvvetleri, k\u00f6ylere bask\u0131 yapmaya ba\u015flarlar. Bu bask\u0131dan en b\u00fcy\u00fck zarar\u0131, Karap\u0131nar K\u00f6y\u00fc g\u00f6r\u00fcr. Karap\u0131nar, Yunan i\u015fgaline kar\u015f\u0131 direnen tek k\u00f6yd\u00fcr. Direni\u015fi k\u0131ran Yunan askerleri, direni\u015f\u00e7ilerin kar\u0131nlar\u0131na k\u0131zg\u0131n ya\u011f d\u00f6k\u00fcp, i\u015fkence ederek \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015fler ve k\u00f6y\u00fc ate\u015fe vermi\u015fleridr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti, Yunan i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n iste\u011fiyle Osmanl\u0131 H\u00fck\u00fcmeti taraf\u0131ndan buraya at\u0131lan, Ermeni k\u00f6kenli Ag\u00e2h taraf\u0131ndan y\u00f6netilmi\u015ftir. Ag\u00e2h Efendi y\u00f6netimi, Kirmasti\u2019de M\u00fcsl\u00fcman olmayanlar\u0131n etkinliklerini art\u0131rmas\u0131na neden oldu. \u00f6rne\u011fin, daha \u00f6nce Belediye Meclisi \u00fcyesi olan Dimitri, [13] Belediye kaynaklar\u0131n\u0131 kullanarak bir Rum okulu a\u00e7t\u0131 ve okulun giderleri i\u00e7in \u00e7evresindeki d\u00fckkanlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 vak\u0131f haline getirdi. [14]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sevr Antla\u015fmas\u0131\u2019n\u0131n imzalanmas\u0131 ve uluslar aras\u0131 kamuoyuna, Anadolu topraklar\u0131n\u0131n payla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n me\u015fru g\u00f6sterilmesi gerekiyordu. Bir \u00e7ok b\u00f6lgede oldu\u011fu gibi Kirmasti\u2019de de \u201cmuhtariyet\u201d iste\u011finin yaz\u0131l\u0131 halde \u0130tilaf Devletlerine bildirilmesi i\u00e7in kampanya ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. Bu do\u011frultuda haz\u0131rlanan metin, mahalle muhtarlar\u0131na zorla imzalat\u0131ld\u0131. Metnin T\u00fcrk\u00e7e\u2019si, Rum okulunda T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretmeni olan R\u0131fat Altun\u2019a bask\u0131 yap\u0131larak, meydanda toplanan halk\u0131n dinlemesi i\u00e7in y\u00fcksek sesle okutuldu. [15] Daha sonra bu metin, Yunan Komutan\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan \u0130tilaf Devletleri\u2019ne g\u00f6nderildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1 A\u011fustos 1920\u2019de Belediye Ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Halit Efendi getirildi. Belediye gelirlerinden yararlanmak isteyen Yunan i\u015fgal komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131, gelirlerin bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n kendilerine \u00f6denmesini ister. Ancak, belediyenin gelirleri daha \u00f6nce Anzavur ve 172 Alaya aktar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Belediyenin gelirlerinin azl\u0131\u011f\u0131na Yunan i\u015fgal komutanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 da Davut da inanmaz. S\u00f6ylenene g\u00f6re Davut \u00f6fkelenir ve zorla Halit Efendi\u2019ye 500 liral\u0131k bir senet imzalat\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u0130\u015fgal s\u0131ras\u0131nda Yunanl\u0131larla i\u015fbirli\u011fi yapan sadece Davut \u00e7etesi olmu\u015ftur. Davut\u2019un \u00e7erkes olmas\u0131, Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7erkeslerin deste\u011fini alabileceklerini varsaymalar\u0131na neden olmu\u015ftur. Ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7lerle Anzavur zaman\u0131nda kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelen \u00e7erkesleri bir araya getirmek ve desteklerini almak i\u00e7in, kasabada \u00e7erkesler Kul\u00fcb\u00fc desteklenir. [16] Bu kul\u00fcp taraftarlar\u0131, Kirmasti merkezinde ulusal g\u00fc\u00e7lere y\u00f6nelik \u00f6rg\u00fctlenmeleri b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde engellemi\u015f, Yunan i\u015fgalinin s\u00fcrmesine destek olmu\u015ftur. Ancak Yunan i\u015fgal g\u00fc\u00e7leri ve kasabadaki i\u015fbirlik\u00e7ileri t\u00fcmden de rahat de\u011fildir. Bir yandan da\u011flardaki Kuvayi Milyiye birlikleri, bir yandan da Cinci Mehmet gibi \u00e7eteler, Yunan egemenli\u011fini tehdit etmekten vazge\u00e7memi\u015flerdir. Cinci \u00e7etesi\u2019nin asl\u0131nda Kuvayi Milliye ile do\u011frudan bir ba\u011f\u0131 yoktur. Cinci Mehmet s\u0131radan bir e\u015fk\u0131yad\u0131r ama daha \u00e7ok Rumlar\u0131 hedef almaktad\u0131r. Bir s\u00fcre sonra Azatl\u0131 K\u00f6y\u00fc yolu \u00fczerinde pusu kurularak \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019nin Yazg\u0131s\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fiyor.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00fcy\u00fck Taarruzla birlikte Yunan g\u00fc\u00e7leri Anadolu\u2019yu terk etmeye ba\u015flar. Cephede bozguna u\u011frayan yunan kuvvetleri, geri \u00e7ekilirken, kasabalar\u0131, k\u00f6yleri yakmaya ba\u015flar. Kirmasti, bu genel geri \u00e7ekili\u015fin yolu \u00fczerinde de\u011fildir. Bu nedenle yang\u0131n g\u00f6rmez ve b\u00fcy\u00fck zarara u\u011framaz.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 6 Eyl\u00fcl 1920\u2019de yunan askerleri Dana\u00e7ay\u0131r\u0131\u2019ndan O\u011flaktepe istikametiyle kasabay\u0131 terk ederler. Ayr\u0131l\u0131rken baz\u0131 b\u00f6lgelerde ve k\u00f6ylerde \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar ya\u015fan\u0131r. Tepecik K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nde oldu\u011fu gibi baz\u0131 k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck yang\u0131nlar \u00e7\u0131kar. Rumlar ve Ermenilerse b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fok ya\u015farlar. Yunan varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n devam edece\u011fini sanm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r ve yerli halkla aralar\u0131ndaki bar\u0131\u015f\u0131 bozmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu nedenle Yunan g\u00fc\u00e7leri \u00e7ekilince burada ya\u015fama olana\u011f\u0131 bulamayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcrler ve 7 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de haz\u0131rl\u0131ks\u0131z kasabay\u0131 terk etmeye ba\u015flarlar. Elindeki kazma-k\u00fcrekle g\u00f6\u00e7e haz\u0131rlanan bir Rum\u2019a R\u0131fat Altun\u2019un, \u201cbunlar\u0131 ne yapacaks\u0131n\u0131z?\u201d sorusuna verdi\u011fi yan\u0131t ilgin\u00e7tir: \u201cBu kalabal\u0131\u011f\u0131n yar\u0131s\u0131 biliyorum ki yollarda \u00f6lecek, hi\u00e7 olmazsa onlara son g\u00f6revimi yerine getirmek isterim.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n Yunanl\u0131lar kasabay\u0131 terk edince, Davut \u00e7etesi en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00fc\u00e7 olur. Kasabada 5 Osmanl\u0131 jandarmas\u0131 vard\u0131 ve bunlar da sembolik olarak burada bulunuyordu. Bu otorite bo\u015flu\u011funu de\u011ferlendiren Davut, vergi toplamaya ba\u015flar. Otorite bo\u015flu\u011funda Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Halit Efendi, e\u015fk\u0131ya Davut\u2019un kasaba halk\u0131na verece\u011fi zarar\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in, \u00e7etecilerden G\u00fcrc\u00fc Mevl\u00fct\u2019e mektup yazarak, kasabay\u0131 gelip teslim almas\u0131n\u0131 ister. G\u00fcrc\u00fc Mevl\u00fct, Ali bar\u0131\u015f, Salih A\u011fa, Usta Tevfik, Osman U\u011fur, Cemil, Karap\u0131narl\u0131 Mehmed Efendi ve Jandarma H\u00fcseyin\u2019i alarak Mirmasti\u2019ye gelir. Asayi\u015fi sa\u011flama i\u015fini Karap\u0131narl\u0131 Mehmet Efendi\u2019ye verirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 9 Eyl\u00fcl 1920\u2019de Davut \u00e7etesi ile \u00f6teki \u00e7eteler aras\u0131nda, \u201c\u00e7ar\u015f\u0131 M\u00fcsademesi\u201d ad\u0131 verilen bir \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fma olur. Davut \u00e7etesi\u2019ne kar\u015f\u0131 ittifak yapan \u00e7eteler ba\u015far\u0131l\u0131 olurlar. 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019e kadar Davut \u00e7etesi Kirmasti\u2019de kal\u0131r. 12 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Kaz\u0131m Pehlivan (G\u00fcvemli), G\u00fcrc\u00fc Mehmet, Sar\u0131 Mehmet, Laz Mustafa, Laz \u0130smail ve di\u011fer \u00e7eteler toplanarak Davut \u00e7etesi\u2019ni kasabadan atarlar. [17] Yerli Rumlar ve Ermenilerin geri kalanlar\u0131 da kasabay\u0131 terk ederler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 14 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Sabri Bey komutas\u0131nda 30 kadar T\u00fcrk askeri Kirmasti\u2019ye girer. Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Atat\u00fcrk heykelinin bulundu\u011fu yerde co\u015fkuyla toplanan halka, Kurtulu\u015f sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131 anlatan bir konu\u015fma yap\u0131l\u0131r. Kasabal\u0131lardan baz\u0131lar\u0131 her s\u00f6zc\u00fc\u011f\u00fc kartona oyup, mumlarla \u0131\u015f\u0131kland\u0131r\u0131rlar ve evlerinin kap\u0131lar\u0131na asarlar. \u00f6rne\u011fin; \u201cParl\u0131yor s\u00fcng\u00fc k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7\/ han\u00e7er adl\u0131 hilal\/ Bin ya\u015fa ey milletin hamisi\/ Mustafa Kemal\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00fcy\u00fck olas\u0131l\u0131kla 1920 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019\u00fcn\u00fcn sonunda Kemalettin Sami Pa\u015fa Kirmasti\u2019ye gelir. Kemalettin Sami Bey, kendine merkez olarak Demireli K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019n\u00fc se\u00e7er. Burada, Haf\u0131z \u0130brahim\u2019in evinde kal\u0131r. Uluasl m\u00fccadelede d\u00fc\u015fmana yard\u0131mc\u0131 olanlar\u0131 tespit etmek i\u00e7in, k\u0131sa zamanda bir j\u00fcri olu\u015fturur. Bu j\u00fcriye Benli Ahmet\u2019i, G\u00fcrco Mehmet Efendi\u2019yi, Melik k\u00f6yl\u00fc Molla Mustafa\u2019y\u0131 al\u0131r. J\u00fcrinin tespit etti\u011fi 72 ki\u015fi Debboy bay\u0131r\u0131n\u0131n yak\u0131ndaki A\u011faba\u011f\u0131\u2019nda kur\u015funa dizilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa kavu\u015fan Kirmasti\u2019de, yeniden yap\u0131lanma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 ba\u015flar. Bu \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalarda Kirmasti, yeni bir g\u00f6\u00e7 sorunuyla kar\u015f\u0131la\u015f\u0131r. Yunanl\u0131lar\u0131n yakt\u0131klar\u0131 Karacabey\u2019den ka\u00e7anlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131, Kirmasti\u2019ye gelir. Rumlar ve Ermenilerin ayr\u0131l\u0131p gitmeleriyle bo\u015f kalan evlere bu g\u00f6\u00e7menler yerle\u015ftirilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti\u2019nin Ad\u0131 De\u011fi\u015fiyor<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Kirmasti Kaymakam\u0131, Kirmasti halk\u0131 ad\u0131na Ankara\u2019ya bir tel \u00e7eker. Saltanat\u0131n kald\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 (1 Kas\u0131m 1922) ve Halife\u2019nin B\u00fcy\u00fck Millet Meclisi taraf\u0131ndan se\u00e7ilmesi karar\u0131ndan kasaba halk\u0131n\u0131n duydu\u011fu sevinci dile getirir. Anzavur isyanlar\u0131, Davut \u00e7etesi ve yunan i\u015fgalinin ac\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Kirmasti Halk\u0131, ulusal egemenli\u011fe dayanan bu yeni d\u00f6nemde, ge\u00e7mi\u015fle ili\u015fkisini kesmek istemektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Belediye Meclisi 24 Aral\u0131k 1922\u2019de toplanarak \u00f6nce kasaban\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131 Lala\u015fahin, Karakilise\u2019nin ad\u0131n\u0131 da I\u015f\u0131klar olarak de\u011fi\u015ftermeyi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131r. Ancak bu karar halk taraf\u0131ndan pek uygun bulunmaz. Bunun \u00fczerine Belediye Meclisi 31 Aral\u0131k 1922\u2019de karar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irmek \u00fczere toplan\u0131r. Edirne\u2019de Lala\u015fahinpa\u015fa kasabas\u0131n\u0131n olmas\u0131 nedeniyle ve halk\u0131n genel iste\u011fi do\u011frultusunda Kirmasti\u2019nin ad\u0131n\u0131[1][18] Gazi Mustafa Kemal\u2019a adanarak, Mustafakemalpa\u015fa olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirir. Karakilise\u2019nin ad\u0131 da 14 Eyl\u00fcl\u2019de Kirmasti\u2019ye gelen T\u00fcrk komutan\u0131 Sabri Bey\u2019in ad\u0131na at\u0131fla, Sabri Bey Mahallesi olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilir. Lala \u015eahin Pa\u015fa T\u00fcrbesi\u2019nin i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu mahallenin, eski Ermeni mahallesini de i\u00e7ine alacak \u015fekilde de\u011fi\u015ftirilerek Lala\u015fahin Mahallesi ad\u0131n\u0131 almas\u0131, ayn\u0131 metinde dile getirilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n 1923 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk g\u00fcn\u00fc Mustafakemalpa\u015fa ad\u0131n\u0131 alan kasaba, Cumhuriyetle ba\u015flayacak d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcmlere belki de ilk ayak uyduran kasaba olmu\u015ftur. Bundan sonraki her d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcme kat\u0131lan Mustafakemalpa\u015fa, bug\u00fcn de ya\u015fant\u0131s\u0131, tatl\u0131top gibi geleneksel spor turnuvalar\u0131, \u015fenlikler, tiyatro ve \u00f6teki sanat etkinlikleriyle tam bir Cumhuriyet kasabas\u0131d\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Notlar:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] 56.T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131 Bekir Sami\u2019nin, Kirmasti\u2019ye geldi\u011finde da\u011f\u0131tt\u0131\u011f\u0131 16 ki\u015filik Rum \u00e7etesi bunlara \u00f6rnektir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [2] Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa, Bekir Sami\u2019ye g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi 24.11.1919 tarihli telgrafta; \u201cBekmez takma ad\u0131yla bilinen \u2018\u0130dris\u2019 isminde bir \u00e7erkesin, \u0130stanbul\u2019dan Anzavur\u2019a talimat getirdi\u011fi yolunda bilgi ald\u0131k\u201d denmektedir. Bkz. Muhittin \u00fcnal, Miralay Bekir Sami G\u00fcnsav\u2019\u0131n Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 An\u0131lar\u0131, s.234<\/p>\n\n\n\n [3] Anzavur\u2019un Kirmasti\u2019yi i\u015fgalinde Hasan Bey kaymakam olur. H\u00fcsn\u00fc Bey, Kuvayi Milliyeciyken, Hasan Bey, \u0130ngiliz yanl\u0131s\u0131d\u0131r ve Kirmasti\u2019deki \u0130ngiliz Muhipler Cemiyeti\u2019nin ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fcr. \u00e7erkes Ethem Kirmasti\u2019ye geldi\u011finde, Hasan Bey\u2019i sorgular ve idam ettirir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [4] Bu konuda Nesim \u015eeker, \u201cT\u00fcrk-Yunan N\u00fcfus M\u00fcbadelesi ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nda; b\u00f6lge n\u00fcfusu ile ilgili yap\u0131lan ara\u015ft\u0131rmalardan \u00f6rnekler verir. H\u00fcdevendigar Vilayeti Salnemeleri de dahil olmak \u00fczere, yerli ve yabanc\u0131 kaynaklardaki veriler, yukar\u0131daki g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fleri destekler niteliktedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [5] Baz\u0131 kaynaklarda \u00e7erkes-T\u00fcrk gerginli\u011fi olarak anlat\u0131l\u0131r. \u00e7erkeslerin T\u00fcrklerin k\u00f6t\u00fc muamelesinen, T\u00fcrklerin de \u00e7erkeslerin e\u015fk\u0131yal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan \u015fikayet\u00e7i olduklar\u0131 bildirilir. Bu t\u00fcr kaynaklara \u00f6rnek; Sina Ak\u015fin, \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ve Milli M\u00fccadele, Son Me\u015frutiyet (1919-1920), Cem Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1992, s.103<\/p>\n\n\n\n [6] Geni\u015f bilgi i\u00e7in bkz. Cengiz D\u00f6nmez, Milli M\u00fccadeleye Kar\u015f\u0131 Bir Cemiyet: \u0130ngiliz Muhibler Cemiyeti, Ankara, Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1999<\/p>\n\n\n\n [7] Bu konuda net bilgi bulmak zordur. Anzavur\u2019un Kirmasti\u2019de 3 g\u00fcn kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilinmektedir. Fahri G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc, tan\u0131klara dayanarak Anzavur\u2019un kenti Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fc terk etti\u011fini bildirir. Ancak yine Fahri G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc, Anzavur\u2019un 16 Nisan\u2019da geldi\u011fini bildirir. 16 Nisan Cuma g\u00fcn\u00fcd\u00fcr. Burada bir tarihlendirme hatas\u0131ndan s\u00f6z edilebilir. Anzavur\u2019un Kirmasti\u2019den ayr\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n16 Nisan olmas\u0131 pek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn Susurlukta \u00e7erkes Ethemle \u00e7at\u0131\u015f\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [8] Anzavur kuvvetlerinin Band\u0131rma\u2019ya tamamen egemen olmas\u0131 \u00fczerine Bursa\u2019ya \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131. Bu \u00e7ekilme s\u0131ras\u0131nda 172.Alay Komutan\u0131 Osman ile kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131 ve onu tutuklatt\u0131. Tutuklaman\u0131n gerek\u00e7esi ise Osman Bey\u2019in Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa\u2019ya, Ankara\u2019n\u0131n buyruklar\u0131na uymamas\u0131 nedeniyle kendisine itaat etmeyece\u011fini bildirmesidir. Bu nedenle Yusuf \u0130zzet taraf\u0131ndan Divan-\u0131 Harbe verilmi\u015f, fakat 56. T\u00fcmen Komutan\u0131 Albay Berkir Sami Bey taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa, Osman Bey\u2019i idam etmeye kalk\u0131nca, komuta etti\u011fi askeri birli\u011fin tamam\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131 \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, b\u00f6ylece Yusuf \u0130zzet Pa\u015fa zor durumda kalm\u0131\u015f, idam karar\u0131ndan vazge\u00e7mi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [9] \u00e7erkes Ethem an\u0131lar\u0131nda k\u00f6pr\u00fcde as\u0131lm\u0131\u015f insanlarla ilgili olarak \u015funlar\u0131 yazmaktad\u0131r: \u201cA\u011fabeyim Tevfik Bey\u2019in kumandas\u0131nda olan kuvvetler, \u015fehri ikiye ay\u0131ran k\u00f6pr\u00fc \u00fczerinde kurulmu\u015f \u00fc\u00e7 idam sehpas\u0131 ve bu sehpalar\u0131n alt\u0131nda elleri kollar\u0131 ba\u011fl\u0131 \u00fc\u00e7 ki\u015fi g\u00f6rm\u00fc\u015f, \u015fa\u015f\u0131rm\u0131\u015f. \u015eehre girmek i\u00e7in bu k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn yasa\u011f ya da sol kenar\u0131ndan ilerlemek mecburiyeti oldu\u011fundan, ka\u00e7amayan bu adamlar, g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fckle bizimkilere do\u011fru ilerlemeye ve ba\u011f\u0131rmaya ba\u015flam\u0131\u015flar. Tevfik Bey, i\u00e7lerinden birisini tan\u0131m\u0131\u015f, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, bu bize Karacabey\u2019den iltihak eden, oran\u0131n e\u015fraf\u0131ndan bir zat\u0131n ol\u011fu imi\u015f. Hayretle bu halinin sebebini sounca \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015f ki, bir pusuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015fler, Anzavur\u2019a esir olmu\u015flar, \u00fc\u00e7 dakika s\u00fcren muhakemeden sonra idama mahkum edilmi\u015fler, hemen as\u0131lmalar\u0131na karar verilmi\u015f. Divan-\u0131 Harb Heyeti de Kirmasti\u2019de imi\u015f, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc, yeni mahkumlar\u0131 mahkeme ediyorlarm\u0131\u015f. Kendilerini asacak olan cellatlar silah seslerini duyunca ka\u00e7m\u0131\u015flar.\u201d Cemal Kutay, \u00e7erkes Ethem Dosyas\u0131, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1989, s.235-236<\/p>\n\n\n\n [10] Anzavur, \u0130ngilizler taraf\u0131ndan Karabiga\u2019da limana demirlemi\u015f olan \u0130ngiliz gemisinde yap\u0131lacak olan bir toplant\u0131ya \u00e7a\u011fr\u0131l\u0131r. Karabigal\u0131 Halit Bey, bunu gemide terc\u00fcmanl\u0131k yapan Sad\u0131k Bey\u2019den \u00f6\u011frenir ve \u00e7etelere haber verir. \u00e7eteler, Anzavur\u2019a Karabiga yol \u00fczerindeki Adliye K\u00f6y\u00fc yak\u0131n\u0131nda pusu kurarlar. G\u00fcrl\u00fc Ali Efe ve Yeni\u00e7iftlik K\u00f6y\u00fc\u2019nden Mehmet Efe \u00e7eteleri taraf\u0131ndan pusuya d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclenAnzavur, son ana kadar m\u00fccadele etmi\u015fse de Mehmet Efe\u2019nin att\u0131\u011f\u0131 kur\u015funla yaralanm\u0131\u015f ve \u00e7ete \u00fcyelerince ba\u015f\u0131 kesilmi\u015ftir. (15 Nisan 1921) Anzavur\u2019un Arnavutlar taraf\u0131ndan Biga\u2019da \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc savunanlar da vard\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [11] \u015eemi Basmac\u0131o\u011flu, Mustafakemalpa\u015fa Klavuzu, Yeni Ufuk Bas\u0131mevi, Mustafakemalpa\u015fa, 1953, s.14<\/p>\n\n\n\n [12] Fahri G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc, eserinde, Davut \u00e7etesi\u2019nin tamamen zararl\u0131 bir \u00f6rg\u00fct olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur. G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019ye g\u00f6re, Yunan i\u015fgali s\u0131ras\u0131nda ba\u015fka yerlerde g\u00f6r\u00fclen \u0131rza ge\u00e7me olaylar\u0131n\u0131n Mustafakemalpa\u015fa\u2019da az olmas\u0131n\u0131n nedeni Davut \u00e7etesi\u2019dir, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc Davut, kad\u0131nlar\u0131n d\u0131\u015far\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131 yasaklam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Davut\u2019un kasabay\u0131 yang\u0131ndan da kurtard\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunur ama bunun nedenini, can\u0131 \u00e7ekti\u011finde para toplayaca\u011f\u0131 mal varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 yok etmek istememesi olarak belirler.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [13] Dimitri, Rumlar\u0131n sevdi\u011fi bir ki\u015filiktir. Kirmasti\u2019nin zengin Rumlar\u0131 olan \u201c\u00e7orbac\u0131lar\u201ddand\u0131r. Cinci Mehmet taraf\u0131ndan ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131larak \u00f6nemli bir miktarda ailesinden fidye al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [14] Bug\u00fcn hala \u201cta\u015f mektep\u201d denilen okulda, o zaman T\u00fcrk\u00e7e e\u011fitim verilmekteydi ve R\u0131fat Altun bu okulun T\u00fcrk\u00e7e \u00f6\u011fretmeniydi. Fakat, Fahri G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019n\u00fcn bu g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fc onaylayacak ba\u015fka bir kaynak yoktur. G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc\u2019de bu bilgiden \u015f\u00fcphelenmektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [15] Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Sava\u015f\u0131 kazan\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra metni okuyan R\u0131fat Altun hakk\u0131nda soru\u015fturma yap\u0131l\u0131r, ancak zorla okutuldu\u011fu i\u00e7in ceza verilmez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [16] G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc, \u00e7erkesler Kl\u00fcb\u00fcn\u00fcn halk aras\u0131nda da bilindi\u011fini yazar. Ancak kl\u00fcb\u00fcn ger\u00e7ek ad\u0131 \u015f\u00f6yledir: \u201c\u015eark\u0131 Karip \u00e7erkesleri Temini Hukuk Cemiyeti\u201d S\u00f6z konusu \u00f6rg\u00fct Mondros\u2019tan sonra kurulmu\u015ftur.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [17] Davut, karde\u015fi Zekeriya, \u00e7\u00f6rd\u00fckl\u00fc H\u00fcseyin Yunanistan\u2019a ge\u00e7mi\u015ftir. Daha sonra da vatanda\u015fl\u0131ktan \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lm\u0131\u015flard\u0131r. M\u00fcnir T\u00fcr\u00fcnc\u00fc\u2019den al\u0131nan Davut\u2019un iki foto\u011fraf\u0131, G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc taraf\u0131ndan yay\u0131mlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [18] Kirmasti\u2019n\u0131n ad\u0131n\u0131n anlam\u0131 ve nereden geldi\u011fine y\u00f6nelik bir \u00e7ok rivayet vard\u0131r. \u00f6re\u011fin, Kirmasti\u2019nin Rumca\u2019da u\u00e7urumun ba\u015f\u0131ndaki yer, anlam\u0131na geldi\u011fi savunulmaktad\u0131r. Bir ba\u015fka g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f, kasaban\u0131n eski isminin Kirmostorya oldu\u011fu, s\u00f6ylenerek Kirmasti\u2019ye d\u00f6nd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc bi\u00e7imindedir. Evliya \u00e7elebi\u2019ye dayand\u0131r\u0131lan bir g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fe g\u00f6re, Gir Mostroya, Kiri Mastroya ve Kali Mastorya isimlerinden t\u00fcredi\u011fidir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n KAYNAK\u00e7A<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n Celal Bayar, Ben de Yazd\u0131m-Milli M\u00fccadeleye Giri\u015f, Sabah Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1997, C, 6-7<\/p>\n\n\n\n Cemal Kutay, \u00e7erkes Ethem Dosyas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, Bo\u011fazi\u00e7i Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1989<\/p>\n\n\n\n Fahri G\u00f6rg\u00fcl\u00fc, Yunan \u0130\u015fgalinde Kirmasti(Mustafakemalpa\u015fa) Yeni M\u00fcteferika Bas\u0131mevi, M.K.P 1960<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kaz\u0131m \u00f6zalp, Milli M\u00fccadele 1919-1922, TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, Ankara 1988<\/p>\n\n\n\n Kemal Atat\u00fcrk, Nutuk, Atat\u00fcrk Ara\u015ft\u0131rma Merkezi<\/p>\n\n\n\n Muhittin \u00fcnal, Miralay Bekir Sami Bey\u2019in Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 An\u0131lar\u0131, Cem Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1994<\/p>\n\n\n\n \u015eem\u2019i Basmac\u0131o\u011flu, Mustafakemalpa\u015fa Klavuzu, yeni Ufuk Bas\u0131mevi, M.K.P, 1953<\/p>\n\n\n\n Selahattin Tansel, Mondors\u2019tan Mudanya\u2019ya Kadar, MEB Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1991<\/p>\n\n\n\n Sina Ak\u015fin, \u0130stanbul H\u00fck\u00fcmetleri ve Milli M\u00fccadele-Son Me\u015frutiyet, Cem Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1992<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zeki Sar\u0131han, Kurtulu\u015f Sava\u015f\u0131 G\u00fcnl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc, TTK Yay\u0131nlar\u0131, 1995<\/p>\n\n\n\n _______________________________________________________ <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Osmanl\u0131 Devletini ayakta tutan de\u011ferler, Orta\u00e7a\u011fla birlikte yok olup gitmi\u015fti. Osmanl\u0131 Devletinin ne ekonomik, ne sosyal ne de siyasi yap\u0131s\u0131,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":843,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-838","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arstrma"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=838"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":839,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/838\/revisions\/839"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/843"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=838"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=838"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=838"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}
(*) Bu Makale Ekim 2002 tarihli Olay Gazetesi\u2019nden(Bursa) al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n