{"id":785,"date":"2009-02-19T13:23:00","date_gmt":"2009-02-19T13:23:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/certav.org\/?p=785"},"modified":"2026-09-30T13:27:59","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T13:27:59","slug":"imamat-devrinde-askeri-levazimat-imali","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/certav.org\/?p=785","title":{"rendered":"\u0130mamat Devrinde Asker\u00ee Levaz\u0131mat \u0130mali"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bu makale ile \u0130mam \u015eamil\u2019i \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 138\u2019inci y\u0131l\u0131nda rahmetle an\u0131yoruz.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center wp-block-paragraph\">***************<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong><u>BATIR-BEK K-AY<\/u><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130mam&nbsp;\u015eamil zamanlar\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u015eimal\u00ee Kafkasya ile muharebesi, yaln\u0131z \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fan kuvvetlerin say\u0131&nbsp;itibarile&nbsp;nisbetsizli\u011fiyle de\u011fil, bu kuvvetlerin teslihat ve te\u00e7hizat\u0131 aras\u0131ndaki b\u00fcy\u00fck fark bak\u0131m\u0131ndan da tebar\u00fcz ediyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu sonuncu cihet top ve m\u00fchimmat\u0131n \u00e7oklu\u011fu ile daha fazla g\u00f6ze \u00e7arp\u0131yordu. Bu hususta \u0130mam \u015eamil\u2019in imk\u00e2nlar\u0131, arkas\u0131nda koca bir imparatorlu\u011fun hududsuz madd\u00ee servetlerine m\u00e2lik bulunan Rus ordusunun imk\u00e2nlar\u0131yla asla mukayese edilemez.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130mam \u015eamilin Kaluga\u2019da iken yan\u0131nda \u201cnezaret\u00e7i\u201d s\u0131fatile bulunmu\u015f olan A. Runovski kendi eserinde \u015eamil\u2019in malik bulundu\u011fu teslihat(silahlar) hakk\u0131nda merakl\u0131 malumat vermektedir(*).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Runovski malumat\u0131n\u0131, kendisiyle \u00e7ok zaman uzun sohbetler eden \u015eamil\u2019den alm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu sohbetlerden biri esnas\u0131nda \u0130mam toplar\u0131n nas\u0131l yap\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015f surette tasvir etmi\u015f, ba\u015fka bir sohbetinde de barut imalathaneleri ve asker\u00ee levaz\u0131mat imal\u0131 hakk\u0131nda malumat vermi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Top imalathanesi Vedeno\u2019da olup Untskul\u2019lu Cebrail Hacio idare ediyordu. Hacio ayni zamanda oradaki barut imalathanesinin m\u00fcd\u00fcr\u00fc idi. Cebrail Hacio top d\u00f6kme i\u015fini hacdan d\u00f6nerken M\u0131s\u0131r\u2019da \u00f6\u011frenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ayd\u0131n (?) \u015feydir, ki laz\u0131m olan fenn\u00ee vesait olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan imalat iptida\u00ee usullerle yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bu usulleri Runovski tafsilat\u0131yla anlatmaktad\u0131r. \u0130mamat dahilinde tun\u00e7 olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan ve \u0130mamat hududlar\u0131 Rus ordusunun ablukas\u0131 alt\u0131nda bulundu\u011fundan dolay\u0131 tun\u00e7u hari\u00e7ten getirmek dahi m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in, topun g\u00f6vdesi saf bak\u0131rdan yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu suretle yap\u0131lan toplar\u0131n \u00e7ok az\u0131 tecr\u00fcbeden \u00e7\u0131kabiliyordu. Tecr\u00fcbeleri Cebrail Hacio, iki ve \u00fc\u00e7 katl\u0131 doldurmak suretiyle bizzat kendisi yap\u0131yordu. Toplar\u0131n ekserisi tecr\u00fcbeye dayanamay\u0131p patl\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0130mam \u015eamil\u2019in hakimiyeti devrinde 40-50 top yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r, bunlardan da ancak 12-14 top i\u015fe yaram\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Bunlar da Ruslar aleyhinde kullan\u0131lmakta idi. (Tabi\u00ee, Ruslardan ganimet olarak al\u0131nan toplar bu hesaba dahil de\u011fildir).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Runovski barut ve top g\u00fcllesi imali hakk\u0131nda dahi malumat vermektedir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barut \u00fc\u00e7 imalathanede yap\u0131l\u0131yordu: Gunib\u2019de, Untskul\u2019da ve yukar\u0131da zikrolundu\u011fu gibi Vedeno\u2019da. D\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc imalathane Dargo\u2019da idi. Fakat bu imalathane aulla beraber 1845\u2019de, Rus ordusunun imhas\u0131yla biten kinyaz Vorontsov\u2019un seferi esnas\u0131nda tahrib edilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barut imal\u0131 da iptida\u00ee usulle yap\u0131l\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Runovski yaz\u0131yor ki:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<strong>Vedeno barut imalathanesi uzun, iki katl\u0131 ah\u015fap bir bina idi. \u00fcst kat\u0131, imalathane i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en kanal\u0131n suyu ile harekete gelen bir de\u011firmenden ibaret idi. A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 katta 24 ta\u015f basamak yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bunlar\u0131n yan\u0131nda, gene su ile hareket eden ve bak\u0131rla \u00f6rt\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f a\u011f\u0131r a\u011fa\u00e7 destekler vard\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>De\u011firmende \u00f6\u011f\u00fct\u00fclen maddeler basamaklara inip destekler vas\u0131tas\u0131yla tamam\u0131yla eziliyor, ondan sonra \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131l\u0131p sulan\u0131yordu ve a\u011fa\u00e7tan yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f uzun, yuvarlak ve b\u00fcy\u00fck f\u0131\u00e7\u0131lar i\u00e7inde bir ka\u00e7 saat \u00e7alkal\u0131yorlard\u0131. Yumu\u015fant\u0131 tane haline geliyor, taneler elekten ge\u00e7iriliyor. Elenmi\u015fler haz\u0131r barut oluyordu, elekte kalanlar\u0131 ise yeniden \u00e7alkal\u0131yorlard\u0131\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu usulla yap\u0131lan barut Da\u011f\u0131stan\u2019da kadim zamandan beri elle yap\u0131lan baruttan farkl\u0131 de\u011fildi. Ve \u015f\u00fcphe yoktur ki keyfiyet itibariyle y\u00fcksek olamazd\u0131. B\u00fct\u00fcn faaliyet be\u015f g\u00fcn s\u00fcr\u00fcyordu ve bu m\u00fcddet esnas\u0131nda 100 f\u0131\u00e7\u0131 barut imal ediliyordu. Runovski\u2019nin hesab\u0131na g\u00f6re bir y\u0131lda \u00fc\u00e7 imalathane 190 pud barut haz\u0131rlayabiliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Barut imal\u0131 i\u00e7in l\u00e2z\u0131m olan selitrayi: Tloh, Muno-Hmdalial, Gunib, Oto\u00e7 ve Hindak ahalisi veriyordu. Bu aullar\u0131n ahalisi buna kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k olarak asker\u00ee m\u00fckellefiyetten azad tutulduklar\u0131 gibi, devlet hazinesinden her aile ba\u015f\u0131na y\u0131lda bir bu\u00e7uk ruble para dahi al\u0131yorlard\u0131. Sera\u2019y\u0131 ise ayni \u015feraitle \u00e7erkat, \u015eubut ve Kikun aullar\u0131 vermekte idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Top mermilerinden Vedeno, \u00e7oh ve Sogratl\u2019da g\u00fclle ve granat imal olunuyordu. Fakat bu sonuncu a\u00e7\u0131lmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 i\u00e7in imalinden \u00e7abuk imtina edildi. G\u00fclleler ise demek oluyor ki yeniden yap\u0131l\u0131yordu, \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u201cham mal\u201d yerine eski Rus mermileri kullan\u0131lmakta idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu hususta Runovski \u015funlar\u0131 yaz\u0131yor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<strong>Da\u011fl\u0131lar top mermisi yapmak i\u00e7in l\u00e2z\u0131m gelen madene m\u00e2lik de\u011fillerdi. Bu i\u015fe onlar bizim toplar\u0131n mermilerini kullan\u0131yordu<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Bu mermiler ve granat par\u00e7alar\u0131 ise harb halinde olan memleketin sahra ve ormanlar\u0131n\u0131 doldurmakta idi. Da\u011fl\u0131lar bunlar\u0131 memnuniyetle topluyorlard\u0131. \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu i\u015ften hem fayda, hem de zevk duymakta idiler. Toplanm\u0131\u015f mermiler naibe getiriliyordu. Bu sonuncu da getirenlere ya para (e\u011fer mermi \u00e7ok ise), ve yahud da barut veriyordu. Da\u011fl\u0131lar (bilhassa \u00e7e\u00e7enler) sonuncuyu birinciye tercih ediyorlard\u0131.(**)Mermi toplama i\u015fi yaln\u0131z harp bittikten sonra de\u011fil, harb esnas\u0131nda dahi devam ediyordu: yuvarlanan mermiyi g\u00f6r\u00fcnce bazen toplu halde \u00fczerine at\u0131l\u0131rlard\u0131 Mermiyi ba\u015fkas\u0131ndan daha evvel elde etmek i\u00e7in herkes onu var g\u00fcc\u00fcyle durdurmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131rd\u0131. \u00e7ok zaman mermi granat oluyordu ve patlayarak cesur avc\u0131n\u0131n hayat\u0131n\u0131 al\u0131yordu\u201d.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu fedak\u00e2rl\u0131kla toplanan mermiler imalathanelerde eritilerek \u0130mam \u015eamil ordusundaki toplara g\u00f6re yeniden d\u00f6k\u00fcl\u00fcyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Kur\u015funlar da ayn\u0131 suretle toplan\u0131p yeniden yap\u0131l\u0131yordu. Bununla yan yana kalayla bak\u0131r\u0131n kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131ndan m\u00fcrekkep bir nevi Avar kur\u015funu imal ediliyordu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015eunu da ilave etmek l\u00e2z\u0131md\u0131r ki gerek barut, gerekse top v.s. imalathanelerinde \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak i\u00e7in yaln\u0131z yerli amele ve ustalar kabul edilmekte idi. Esirler veteslimolanlar yaln\u0131z b\u00e2z\u0131 talimat i\u00e7in istifade edilip istihsal i\u015fine b\u0131rak\u0131lm\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At\u0131c\u0131 ve kesici el silahlar\u0131 ayr\u0131 ustalar taraf\u0131ndan imal edilmekte idi. En \u00e7ok maruf olan Kuadal\u0131 aulundan Hidath Magoma\u2019n\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 t\u00fcfekler idi. Kesici silah ustalar\u0131ndan ise, \u015f\u00f6hreti zaman\u0131m\u0131za kadar ya\u015fam\u0131\u015f olan Bazalay-Ata idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Runovski\u2019nin verdi\u011fi malumat, k\u0131saca, bundan ibarettir. B\u00fct\u00fcn bu malumat\u0131 \u00f6\u011frenince o kendisini zabtedemiyerek demi\u015f, ki:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u201c<strong>Allah, Allah! Bu adam (y\u00e2ni \u0130mam \u015eamil-B.K.) ne gibi ehemmiyetsiz vesaitle bu kadar uzun m\u00fcddet zarf\u0131nda bize kar\u015f\u0131 durabilmi\u015ftir!..\u201d<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Ger\u00e7ekten de, \u015eamilin Rusya ile olan 25 y\u0131ll\u0131k sava\u015f destan\u0131, be\u015feriyet tarihinde tekrar edilmez bir harikad\u0131r.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>_________________________________<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Not: Bu makale \u201c War\u015fova\u2019da yay\u0131nlanan Natsiyonalnaya M\u0131s\u0131l (Milli Fikir), No:2, Mart-1937\u201dden al\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(*) A. Runovski \u00bb\u015eamil hakk\u0131nda notlar\u201d \u2014 S\u2014Peterburg, 1860.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">(**) Da\u011f\u0131standa barut azl\u0131\u011f\u0131 az hissediliyordu. \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc \u00e7o\u011fu evde el usul\u00fc ile barut imal edilmekte idi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Bu makale ile \u0130mam \u015eamil\u2019i \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fcn 138\u2019inci y\u0131l\u0131nda rahmetle an\u0131yoruz.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; *************** BATIR-BEK K-AY \u0130mam&nbsp;\u015eamil zamanlar\u0131nda Rusya\u2019n\u0131n \u015eimal\u00ee Kafkasya ile muharebesi,&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":786,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-785","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arstrma"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/785","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=785"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/785\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":788,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/785\/revisions\/788"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/786"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=785"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=785"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=785"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}