{"id":769,"date":"2026-05-11T12:17:00","date_gmt":"2026-05-11T12:17:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/certav.org\/?p=769"},"modified":"2026-09-30T12:20:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:20:05","slug":"kuzey-kafkasya-cumhuriyeti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/certav.org\/?p=769","title":{"rendered":"Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u015eubat 1917\u2019de \u00e7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da kurulan devlet. Uzun y\u0131llar boyu Rus istilas\u0131 alt\u0131nda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge olarak bulunan Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131na mensup ayd\u0131nlar\u0131n giri\u015fimi ve s\u00fcr\u00fckleyicili\u011fi ile 11 May\u0131s 1918\u2019de resmen ilan edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00e7arl\u0131\u011f\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 takip eden g\u00fcnlerde Terekkale\u2019de (Vladikavkaz) 5-6 Mart 1917 tarihlerinde Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n gelece\u011fi \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan de\u011ferlendirme toplant\u0131lar\u0131 bu devletin ilan\u0131na gidecek s\u00fcrecin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu. Bu toplant\u0131da, ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bir sosyalist devrimci olan hukuk\u00e7u Basiat \u015eahan\u2019\u0131n yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Birle\u015fik Kafkas Da\u011fl\u0131lar\u0131 Birli\u011fi Ge\u00e7ici Y\u00f6netimi olu\u015fturuldu ve Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da \u201ceyalet komiteleri\u201dnin olu\u015fturulmas\u0131 ve kamuoyunun genel e\u011filimini belirlemek \u00fczere I. Genel Kuzey Kafkasya Kongresi\u2019nin toplanmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">1-9 May\u0131s 1917\u2019de tarihlerinde Terekkale\u2019deki (Vladikavkaz) Olginski K\u0131z Lisesi\u2019nde Hazar\u2019dan Karadeniz\u2019e kadar b\u00fct\u00fcn Kafkas halklar\u0131ndan toplam 500\u2019den fazla temsilcinin kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve Terekkale Kurultay\u0131 olarak da an\u0131lan I. Genel Kuzey Kafkasya Kongresi\u2019nde \u00e7e\u015fitli komisyonlar olu\u015fturularak \u00fclkenin gelece\u011fine ili\u015fkin g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fler sistematize edildi, y\u00f6netsel-politik yetkilerle donat\u0131lan Kuzey Kafkasya Merkez Komitesi olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan icra organ\u0131 tesis edildi ve siyasi program\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131na, o d\u00f6nem Rusya\u2019n\u0131n di\u011fer halklar\u0131n\u0131n da tercihine benzer \u015fekilde, Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n da ayr\u0131 devlet stat\u00fcs\u00fcnde kat\u0131laca\u011f\u0131, Rusya\u2019da yeni bir federal cumhuriyetin kurulmas\u0131 talebi koyuldu. Bu kongrenin sonu\u00e7 bildirgesi \u201cdevrimin getirdi\u011fi \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckleri g\u00fc\u00e7lendirmeyi, demokrasi ilkelerini hayata ge\u00e7irmeyi, politik, milli, k\u00fclt\u00fcrel kazan\u0131mlar\u0131 korumay\u0131 ve Kuzey Kafkasya halklar\u0131n\u0131n birli\u011fini\u201d \u00f6n plana almaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Bu d\u00f6nemde Kafkasya b\u00f6lgesi, \u00e7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7\u00f6k\u00fc\u015f\u00fcne paralel olarak \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fclen Kafkas cephesi dolay\u0131s\u0131yla ba\u015f\u0131bozuk birimlerin g\u00f6zlerinin dikildi\u011fi bir b\u00f6lge olmu\u015ftu. Da\u011f\u0131lan Rus ordusunun uzant\u0131lar\u0131 \u00f6zellikle temel gereksinimlerin yeterli \u015fekilde kar\u015f\u0131lanabilece\u011fi Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019ya ula\u015fmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Cepheden demiryolu ile Kuzey Kafkaslara ve deniz yolu ile Sohum, So\u00e7i, Tuapse ve Anapa gibi yerle\u015fim birimlerine ula\u015fan onbinlerce silahl\u0131 asker ve denizci, yerli n\u00fcfusa y\u00f6nelik hareketlere giri\u015fmi\u015fti. Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n do\u011fusunda da Kafkas cephesinden asker ka\u00e7aklar\u0131 olarak d\u00f6nen Kazak alaylar\u0131 da ciddi tehditler sergilemekteydi. RSD\u0130P(b)\u2019nin de (Rusya Sosyal Demokrat-Bol\u015fevik \u0130\u015f\u00e7i Partisi) b\u00f6lgede Rus etnik grubu \u00fczerinden giri\u015fti\u011fi \u00f6rg\u00fctlenme ve propoganda \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 Kuzey Kafkasya sahas\u0131nda siyasal ayr\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 h\u0131zland\u0131rmada \u00f6nemli bir fakt\u00f6r olu\u015fturmu\u015ftu. Bu tehditler kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya Merkez Komitesi pratik bir ad\u0131mla Rus Ordusunda muvazzaf bir g\u00fc\u00e7 olarak bulunan y\u00fcksek vurucu g\u00fcce sahip Kafkas S\u00fcvari T\u00fcmeni\u2019nin \u00fclkeye \u00e7ekilmesini karara ba\u011flayarak Petrograd\u2019taki \u201cGe\u00e7ici H\u00fck\u00fcmet\u201d nezdinde temaslar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirdi. A\u011fustos 1917 boyunca Kuzey Kafkasya Merkez Komitesi \u00fcyeleri,\u00fclkenin de\u011fi\u015fik y\u00f6relerinde bir dizi toplant\u0131 yaparak 2. Genel Kuzey Kafkasya Kongresi\u2019nin 18 Eyl\u00fcl 1917\u2019de Andi\u2019de toplanmas\u0131 takvime ba\u011flanarak, delegasyonlar belirlendi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">18 Eyl\u00fcl 1917\u2019de kalabal\u0131k bir izleyici kitlesinin \u00f6n\u00fcnde 1500 delegenin<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">kat\u0131l\u0131m\u0131yla ba\u015flayan ve Andi Kurultay\u0131 olarak da bilinen bu kongrede ge\u00e7ici bir anayasa haz\u0131rlanarak Kuzey Kafkasya Merkez Komitesi\u2019ne \u201culusal ordu kurma\u201d, \u201ctemel t\u00fcketim mallar\u0131n\u0131n ihrac\u0131n\u0131 yasaklama\u201d, \u201cuygun zamanda Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ilan etme\u201d gibi ola\u011fan\u00fcst\u00fc yetkiler verildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Gregoryen takvimine g\u00f6re 25 Ekim 1917\u2019de (Miladi: 7 Kas\u0131m 1917) Petrograd\u2019da Lenin liderli\u011findeki bol\u015feviklerin darbe ile iktidar\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmeleri sonras\u0131nda, Rusya\u2019dan ayr\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kesin hatlarla ortaya koyan Kuzey Kafkasya Merkez Komitesi\u2019nin karar\u0131, kom\u015fu Transkafkasya\u2019da, bol\u015fevik iktidar\u0131 oybirli\u011fiyle reddeden milliyet\u00e7i partilerin tavr\u0131yla b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde \u00e7ak\u0131\u015f\u0131yordu. Bu geli\u015fmelere paralel olarak, b\u00f6lgesel geli\u015fmelerin d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda kalman\u0131n getirebilece\u011fi muhtemel s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 dikkate alan komite Transkafkasya ile g\u00fc\u00e7 birli\u011fi aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u00e7er\u00e7evesinde, Mart 1918\u2019de Bak\u00fc ve Tiflis\u2019te giri\u015fimlerde bulundu ve ayn\u0131 ay i\u00e7inde Trabzon Konferans\u0131\u2019na g\u00f6zlemci olarak kat\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130stanbul\u2019da Osmanl\u0131 yetkilileri ile siyasal temaslar ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirildi. Kuzey Kafkasya Parlamentosu\u2019nda \u00fclkenin ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ilan\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar al\u0131nmas\u0131 \u00fczerine, 11 May\u0131s 1918 g\u00fcn\u00fc yay\u0131nlanan Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti Ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131k Bildirisi ile Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti\u2019nin kurulu\u015fu ilan edildi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti H\u00fck\u00fcmetleri<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Abd\u00fclmecid Tapa \u00e7ermoy kabinesi (11 May\u0131s 1918-15 Aral\u0131k 1918)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Devlet ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkan\u0131: Abd\u00fclmecid Tapa \u00e7ermoy<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ba\u015fkan Yard\u0131mc\u0131s\u0131: P\u015fimaho Kosok<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131: Re\u015fid Han Kaplan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131:Haydar Bammat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Savunma Bakan\u0131: Nuh Bek Tarkovski<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maliye Bakan\u0131: Vassan Girey Caba\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakan\u0131: \u0130brahim Haydar<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>I. P\u015fimaho Kosok kabinesi (15 Aral\u0131k 1918-25 Mart 1919)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Devlet ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkan\u0131: P\u015fimaho Kosok<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131: Re\u015fid Han Kaplan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131: Haydar Bammat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Savunma Bakan\u0131: Nuh Bek Tarkovski<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Maliye Bakan\u0131: Vassan Girey Caba\u011f\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Bakan\u0131: \u0130brahim Haydar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ticaret ve Sanayi Bakan\u0131: Bahadur Mala\u00e7ihan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131: Nur Mahmed \u015eahsuvar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Tar\u0131m ve Emlak Bakan\u0131: Aslanbek Butat\u0131.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>II. P\u015fimaho Kosok kabinesi (25 Mart 1919-12 May\u0131s 1919)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Devlet ve H\u00fck\u00fcmet Ba\u015fkan\u0131: P\u015fimaho Kosok<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u0130\u00e7i\u015fleri Bakan\u0131: Re\u015fid Han Kaplan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131: Haydar Bammat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Savunma Bakan\u0131: Saraceddin Musala<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Milli Ekonomi Bakan\u0131: Aslanbek Butat\u0131<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ula\u015ft\u0131rma Posta ve Telgraf Bakan\u0131: Zubeyr Temirhan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Milli E\u011fitim Bakan\u0131: Nur Mahmed \u015eahsuvar<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Adalet Bakan\u0131: Taceddin Penzulai<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dini \u0130\u015fler Bakan\u0131: Necmeddin Gotinski<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Mikail Halil kabinesi (12 May\u0131s 1919-29 Eyl\u00fcl 1919)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>kabine olu\u015fturulamam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Referanslar<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Haydar Bammat \u2013 The Caucasus Problem, Berne, 1919.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Haydar Bammat \u2013 La Caucase et la Revolution Russe, Paris, 1929.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u015fimaho Kosok \u2013 Kuzey Kafkasya H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131 Tarihinden Yapraklar, \u0130stanbul, 1960.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>P\u015fimaho Kosok \u2013 \u201cRevolution and Sovietization in the Northern Caucasus\u201d, Caucasian Review, M\u00fcnih, 1955 ve 1956, No:1 ve 3.;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vassan Girey Caba\u011f\u0131 \u2013 \u201cKuzey Kafkasya\u2019n\u0131n \u0130stiklal Sava\u015f\u0131\u201d, Serbest Kafkasya, M\u00fcnih, 1952, No:1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vassan Girey Caba\u011f\u0131 \u2013 Kafkas Rus M\u00fccadelesi, Baha Matbaas\u0131, \u0130stanbul, 1967.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Y\u0131lmaz Nevruz Kara\u00e7ayl\u0131 \u2013 \u201cKuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti\u201d, Birle\u015fik Kafkasya, \u0130stanbul,1964, No:1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Barasbi Baytugan \u2013 Kuzey Kafkasya, Samsun, 1978?<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Said \u015eamil \u2013 Montagnards du Caucase, Paris, 1930.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u015eerafettin Erel \u2013 Da\u011f\u0131stan ve Da\u011f\u0131stanl\u0131lar, \u0130stanbul, 1961.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ahmet Hazer H\u0131zal \u2013 Kuzey Kafkasya H\u00fcrriyet ve \u0130stiklal Davas\u0131, Orkun Yay., Ankara, 1961.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ahmet Hazer H\u0131zal \u2013 \u201cKuzey Kafkasya \u0130stiklali ve T\u00fcrkiye Matbuat\u0131\u201d, Birle\u015fik Kafkasya, \u0130stanbul, 1964-1965, No:2,3 ve 4.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Stefanos Yerasimos \u2013 T\u00fcrk-Sovyet \u0130li\u015fkileri, Ekim Devriminden Milli M\u00fccadeleye, G\u00f6zlem Yay., \u0130stanbul, 1979.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>(Haydar Bammat-Aziz Meker)- Circassia and Daghestan, Lozan, 191(9)?.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ali Sultan \u2013 \u201c11 May\u0131s 1918\u201d, Severn\u0131y Kavkaz, Var\u015fova, 1934, No:1.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00fcseyin Tosun \u015ehapl\u0131 \u2013 Aper\u00e7u Historique Ciscaucasiens pendent La Guerre Mondaile, \u0130stanbul, 1918.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>H\u00fcseyin Tosun \u015ehapl\u0131 \u2013 Compte-Rendu des Assembles des Peoples de la Ciscaucasie et de Leurs Travaux Legislatifs, \u0130stanbul, 1918.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Cem Kumuk \u2013 Neredesin Prometheus?, Alfa Yay., \u0130stanbul, 2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti (1917-1922), (I.cilt), Birle\u015fik Kafkasya Derne\u011fi Yay., \u0130stanbul, 2003.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti (1917-1922), (II.cilt), Birle\u015fik Kafkasya Derne\u011fi Yay., \u0130stanbul, 2004.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sefer E. Berzeg \u2013 Kuzey Kafkasya Cumhuriyeti (1917-1922), (III.cilt), Birle\u015fik Kafkasya Derne\u011fi Yay., \u0130stanbul, 2006.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">___________________________________<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>KAYNAK<\/strong>: http:\/\/www.tr.kafpedia.org\/index.php?title=Kuzey_Kafkasya_Cumhuriyeti<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u015eubat 1917\u2019de \u00e7arl\u0131k Rusyas\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131 sonras\u0131nda Kuzey Kafkasya\u2019da kurulan devlet. Uzun y\u0131llar boyu Rus istilas\u0131 alt\u0131nda s\u00f6m\u00fcrge olarak bulunan Kuzey&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":770,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-769","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-arstrma"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/769","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=769"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/769\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":771,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/769\/revisions\/771"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/770"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=769"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=769"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/certav.org\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=769"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}